The article presents the distribution coefficient (K_d) values of ¹³⁷Cs and ⁹⁰Sr tracer radionuclides in solutions of sodium and calcium salts for a wide range of commercially available inorganic sorbents: natural and synthetic aluminosilicates, manganese, titanium and zirconium oxyhydrates, titanium and zirconium phosphates, titanosilicates of alkali metals, and ferrocyanides of transition metals. The results were obtained using a standard technique developed by the authors for evaluating the efficiency of various sorption materials towards cesium and strontium radionuclides. It was shown that bentonite clays and natural and synthetic zeolites are the best for decontaminating low-salt natural water from cesium radionuclides, and ferrocyanide sorbents are the choice for decontaminating high-salt-bearing solutions. The manganese (III, IV) oxyhydrate-based MDM sorbent is the most effective for removing strontium from natural water; for seawater, the barium silicate-based SRM-Sr sorbent is the first-in-class. Results of the study provide a possibility of making a reasonable choice of sorbents for the most effective treatment of natural water and technogenic aqueous waste contaminated with cesium and strontium radionuclides.

The paper presents the results of testing the purification of real liquid radioactive waste from radionuclides, bottom residues of the Kola and Beloyarsk nuclear power plants (NPP), as well as low-level wastewater from the radiochemical building of the Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry RAS (IPCE RAS) using the method of nanofiltration (NF) using a polymer membrane manufactured by the Russian company “RM Nanotech.” It has been shown that in the case of single-stage NF purification of bottoms of the Kola NPP, the coefficient of purification from ⁶⁰ Co is 2.8, while no purification from ¹³⁷ Cs practically occurs. When cleaning the bottom residues of the Beloyarsk NPP from ⁶⁰ Co using a five-stage scheme, a coefficient of purification from ⁶⁰ Co equal to 388 was obtained. The combination of nanofiltration purification and selective sorption of cesium on the ferrocyanide sorbent Temoksid-35 makes it possible to obtain a dry salt residue that is not related to radioactive waste. When using the method of nanofiltration for the treatment of low-level wastewater of the Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the degree of purification was, %: ¹³⁷ Сs ~ 75; ⁹⁰ Sr ~ 91; ²⁴¹ Am ~ 99.5; ¹⁵² Eu ~ 91; ²³⁹ Pu ~ 99.5.

The paper presents the results of testing the puri cation of real liquid radioactive waste from radionuclides - bottom residues of the Kola and Beloyarsk nuclear power plants (NPP), as well as low-level wastewater from the radiochemical building of the Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPChE RAS) by the method of nano ltration (NF) using a polymer membrane manufactured by the Russian company «RM Nanotech». It has been shown that in the case of single-stage NF puri cation bottoms of the Kola (NPP), the coe cient of puri cation from 60Co is 2.8, while puri cation from 137Cs practically does not occur. When cleaning the bottom residues of the Beloyarsk NPP from 60Co using a ve-stage scheme, a coe cient of puri cation from 60Co equal to 388 was obtained. The combination of nano ltration puri cation and selective sorption of cesium on the ferrocyanide sorbent Temoksid-35 makes it possible to obtain a dry salt residue that is not related to radioactive waste. When using the method of nano ltration for the treatment of low-level wastewater of the Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the degree of puri cation was, %: 137Сs ~ 75; 90Sr ~ 91; 241Am ~ 99.5; 152Eu ~ 91; 239Pu ~ 99.5.