Introduction and Purpose: The gut microbiota plays a crucial role not only in absorption, metabolic, and immune processes but also increasingly in shaping behavior and is strongly linked to the gut-brain axis. Different sections of the digestive system, due to varying environmental conditions and physiological functions, have a unique microbiota composition, both quantitatively and qualitatively, including bacteria, fungi, and archaea. This study aims to review current scientific research on the impact of the gut microbiome on the gut-brain axis and to explore how this influence may affect neurological disorders. Brief Description of the State of Knowledge: Dysbiosis in the digestive system leads to changes in the composition of the gut microbiome, which can significantly impact the development and progression of various mental health conditions, as indicated by numerous clinical studies examining the gut-brain axis correlation. The main challenge is the insufficient understanding of which microorganisms within the human microbiota have positive or negative effects on mental health. Therefore, further research is needed to better elucidate these mechanisms. Summary: Neurological disorders are a common challenge in clinical practice. Evaluating gut microbiota and metabolic states may provide valuable diagnostic and therapeutic insights, potentially improving patients' quality of life. Materials and Evidence: A literature review was conducted using the PubMed database.

Fibrous dysplasia is uncommon genetic defect in which normal bone and marrow are replaced with fibro-osseous tissue, leading to bone deformities, pain fractures and functional impairments. The case presents 27 years old women that was diagnosed with sepsis in the course of catheter-related infection and treated at nephrology department. She was diagnosed with chronic kidney disease that started during pregnancy and originated due to steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. During the hospitalization, a CT scan of the head was performed because of facial deformation. Based on CT scans of head, craniofacial fibrous dysplasia was confirmed.

Introduction and purpose: The impact of aluminum on human life is significant. Scientists have been studying the presence of aluminum in our environment for many years. This research is particularly important given that we live in a world dominated by aluminum, where its diverse applications can expose humanity to this metal from numerous sources. Long-term exposure to aluminum in humans has been connected to changes in behavior, as well as in brain structure and neurochemical processes. The aim of this article is to analyze the current state of knowledge on whether aluminum has a negative impact on human health and the body. Summary: Depending on the dose of aluminum, the following scientific studies suggest that aluminum may impact human health, and regularly exceeding the permissible intake of aluminum throughout life is undesirable, as it leads to an increased risk of health impairment. Therefore, information is available on ways to reduce overall exposure to aluminum.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a rare and serious disease associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) antibodies. It can involve the kidneys and respiratory tract and may present as a pulmonary-renal syndrome. This report presents the case of a 57-year-old man admitted to the nephrology department with acute renal failure and systemic symptoms, including low-grade fever, malaise, and abdominal pain. During hospitalization, laboratory tests revealed rapidly progressive renal failure, elevated inflammatory markers, and oliguria. A subsequent kidney biopsy confirmed pauci-immune necrotizing glomerulonephritis, and serology was positive for PR3-ANCA, supporting the initial diagnosis of GPA. Immunosuppressive therapy was initiated and later adjusted due to complications. Despite these challenges, the patient’s clinical status improved, and he was discharged in stable condition.

Introduction and Purpose: Obesity as a disease of civilization has become a new global epidemic. It is affecting a reduced quality of life. As its prevalence increases, the number of women of childbearing age who are overweight and consequently obese is also increasing. As a result, the number of cases with reproductive disorders is increasing. In addition, the topic of a syndrome that combines these two problems, which is polycystic ovary syndrome, is emerging with increasing frequency. This is becoming a challenge for physicians dealing with infertility treatment, pregnancy maintenance, miscarriages and pregnancy complications. This study aims to review current scientific research on the impact of obesity on female fertility and describe currently available treatment options for this group of women. Brief Description of the State of Knowledge: Adipose tissue influences gonadal function by secretion of adipokines, such as leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin and resistin. [1] Adipokines are important modulators of glucose metabolism, because they may primarily contribute to adverse fat distribution, altered appetite and satiety, impaired insulin sensitivity or insulin secretion, and to inflammation [2]. Adipokines contribute to metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and hyperandrogenism. This predispose patients to PCOS and associated infertility [3]. Summary: Obesity is an increasingly common challenge in infertility clinical practice. Assessing the impact of this disease on female infertility can provide valuable diagnostic and therapeutic information, potentially improving fertility in women at risk. Materials and Evidence: A literature review was conducted using the PubMed database.