(1) Background: Dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance are major risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). This study investigated the relationship between plasma atherogenic index (PA-I), triglyceride-glucose index (TGI) and other lipid ratios with the presence and prediction of CAD among different age categories. (2) Methods: The study included 223 participants diagnosed with CAD and those with normal coronary arteries (normal group) by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Participants were categorised by age and sex: premature CAD (PCAD) for men under 55 and women under 65, and older groups as elderly. (3) Results: PA-I, Lipid Combined Index, Castelli Risk Indices, and TGI were significantly higher in the PCAD group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). ROC analysis showed that a PA-I cut-off of 0.41 had a sensitivity of 62% and a specificity of 58% for predicting PCAD, while a TGI cut-off of 8.74 had a sensitivity of 68% and a specificity of 62%. In the elderly, no significant differences in these indices were found between the CAD and normal groups. (4) Conclusions: Traditional lipid profiles and non-traditional lipid indices such as PA-I and TGI show significant differences in predicting CAD in younger populations but not in older groups. TGI and PA-I may be promising biomarkers for the prediction of PAD, although further validation is needed.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess retinal vessel density in the superficial capillary plexus layer, deep capillary plexus layer and choriocapillaris plexus layer in patients with aortic valve regurgitation (AR) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods: Thirty-eight healthy participants (group 1) and 38 patients with AR (group 2) were assessed for this study. Diagnosis of AR is made by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Severity of AR was assessed according to values in the 2014 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (AHA/ACC) valve guideline. Superficial capillary plexus density (SCPD), deep capillary plexus density (DCPD) and choriocapillaris plexus density (CCPD) were analyzed between groups using OCTA. Results: SCPD measurements were found to be decreased in the nasal, inferior and central regions of patients with AR (P ? 0.05). DCPD measurements were found to be decreased in the nasal and inferior regions of patients with AR (P ? 0.05). CCPD measurements were found to be decreased in the inferior and central regions of patients with AR (P ? 0.05). In patients with AR, CCPD measurements were significantly decreased in the inferior region compared to the control group. Central macular thickness was found to be significantly decreased in the patients with AR. Conclusions: Patients with AR showed decreased flow density compared with healthy controls. Retinal perfusion measured using OCTA in patients with AR may give an idea about microperfusion. Cardiol Res. 2023;14(4):309-314 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/cr1502

Background The ablation of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) with cryoablation is an alternative to radiofrequency (RF) ablation in patients due to the low risk of total atrioventricular block. An increase in early-late recurrences after cryoablation is reported as an important disadvantage. Objectives In this study, we aimed to compare the acute procedural success and the long-term recurrence rates of patients, with AVNRT who underwent methods. Methods 73 patients with AVNRT were included in the study: 32 with cryoablation and 41 with RF ablation. There was no statistically significant difference between acute procedural success in methods. The ablation procedure was performed by an operator experienced in arrhythmology. The choice of RF or cryoablation was made in the electrophysiology laboratory based on the material already available during the procedure. After the procedure, the patients were evaluated every 3 months for 2 years in polyclinic control. The significance level adopted in the statistical analysis was 5%. Results The 2 groups of patients were homogeneous. The fluoroscopy time (p<0.001) was shorter, but atrium-his (p=0.004) and his-ventricular (p=0.015) times were longer in the cryoablation group. There was no significant difference, in terms of acute procedural success, post-procedure jump without a single echo, and presence of echo and jump. Conclusions Cryoablation requires less fluoroscopy time and is a safe non-inferior alternative to RF ablation in patients with AVNRT. The risk of AV block is a significant problem with the use of RF energy, making it less suitable for use in young and physically active patients.

Purpose: Coronary Artery Calcium Score (CACS) and Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness (CIMT) are surrogate markers for atherosclerosis. CACS is a recognized indicator of coronary artery disease (CAD), but CIMT's role in CAD diagnosis is debated. This study aimed to assess how well CIMT and CACS predict CAD presence and severity as detected by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Materials and Methods: In the study, 88 participants (57 CAD and 31 controls) underwent coronary angiography and CACS calculation using computerized tomography and CIMT measured according to the guidelines. Patients with CAD were classified by CACT results and further subdivided by CACS into three groups: Group I (

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the ocular perfusion of patients with ischemic coronary artery disease (CAD) using optical coherence tomography angiography. Patients and methods: A total of 62 patients (49 male, 13 female; mean age: 62.9±9.1 years; range, 35 to 78 years) with a diagnosis of CAD were enrolled in this study. The data were compared with 61 healthy controls (35 male, 26 female; mean age: 68.1±3.9 years; range, 46 to 76 years). Coronary artery disease diagnosis was defined as patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention after coronary angiography. Optical coherence tomography angiography was used to assess the choroid thickness, superficial capillary plexus, and deep capillary plexus vascular density parameters of each patient. Results: Choroid thickness was lower in the CAD group compared to the control group, but this decrease was not statistically significant. The results showed a significant decrease in superficial capillary plexus and deep capillary plexus parameters in CAD patients compared to healthy controls. Conclusion: Patients with CAD showed decreased flow density compared to healthy controls. The study concludes that CAD patients exhibit reduced ocular perfusion, which can be detected using optical coherence tomography angiography. This noninvasive technique could be an effective tool for monitoring ocular perfusion and detecting vascular abnormalities in patients with CAD.