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Ariana Sutton-Grier
Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center University of Maryland College Park Maryland USA

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Communicating science
Published: 27 August 2020 in The Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America
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ACS Style

Melissa A. Kenney; Frank W. Davis; Ariana E. Sutton‐Grier; Sarah M. Anderson; Emily Therese Cloyd; Bethann Garramon Merkle; Kirsten Schwarz; Tim Watkins. Increasing the Impact of Public Engagement Within and Beyond the Ecological Society of America. The Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 2020, 101, 1 .

AMA Style

Melissa A. Kenney, Frank W. Davis, Ariana E. Sutton‐Grier, Sarah M. Anderson, Emily Therese Cloyd, Bethann Garramon Merkle, Kirsten Schwarz, Tim Watkins. Increasing the Impact of Public Engagement Within and Beyond the Ecological Society of America. The Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America. 2020; 101 (4):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Melissa A. Kenney; Frank W. Davis; Ariana E. Sutton‐Grier; Sarah M. Anderson; Emily Therese Cloyd; Bethann Garramon Merkle; Kirsten Schwarz; Tim Watkins. 2020. "Increasing the Impact of Public Engagement Within and Beyond the Ecological Society of America." The Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 101, no. 4: 1.

Journal article
Published: 23 January 2020 in Sustainability
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In the United States, extensive investments have been made to restore the ecological function and services of coastal marine habitats. Despite a growing body of science supporting coastal restoration, few studies have addressed the suite of societally enabling conditions that helped facilitate successful restoration and recovery efforts that occurred at meaningful ecological (i.e., ecosystem) scales, and where restoration efforts were sustained for longer (i.e., several years to decades) periods. Here, we examined three case studies involving large-scale and long-term restoration efforts including the seagrass restoration effort in Tampa Bay, Florida, the oyster restoration effort in the Chesapeake Bay in Maryland and Virginia, and the tidal marsh restoration effort in San Francisco Bay, California. The ecological systems and the specifics of the ecological restoration were not the focus of our study. Rather, we focused on the underlying social and political contexts of each case study and found common themes of the factors of restoration which appear to be important for maintaining support for large-scale restoration efforts. Four critical elements for sustaining public and/or political support for large-scale restoration include: (1) resources should be invested in building public support prior to significant investments into ecological restoration; (2) building political support provides a level of significance to the recovery planning efforts and creates motivation to set and achieve meaningful recovery goals; (3) recovery plans need to be science-based with clear, measurable goals that resonate with the public; and (4) the accountability of progress toward reaching goals needs to be communicated frequently and in a way that the general public comprehends. These conclusions may help other communities move away from repetitive, single, and seemingly unconnected restoration projects towards more large-scale, bigger impact, and coordinated restoration efforts.

ACS Style

Bryan DeAngelis; Ariana Sutton-Grier; Allison Colden; Katie Arkema; Christopher Baillie; Richard Bennett; Jeff Benoit; Seth Blitch; Anthony Chatwin; Alyssa Dausman; Rachel Gittman; Holly Greening; Jessica Henkel; Rachel Houge; Ron Howard; A. Hughes; Jeremy Lowe; Steven Scyphers; Edward Sherwood; Stephanie Westby; Jonathan Grabowski. Social Factors Key to Landscape-Scale Coastal Restoration: Lessons Learned from Three U.S. Case Studies. Sustainability 2020, 12, 869 .

AMA Style

Bryan DeAngelis, Ariana Sutton-Grier, Allison Colden, Katie Arkema, Christopher Baillie, Richard Bennett, Jeff Benoit, Seth Blitch, Anthony Chatwin, Alyssa Dausman, Rachel Gittman, Holly Greening, Jessica Henkel, Rachel Houge, Ron Howard, A. Hughes, Jeremy Lowe, Steven Scyphers, Edward Sherwood, Stephanie Westby, Jonathan Grabowski. Social Factors Key to Landscape-Scale Coastal Restoration: Lessons Learned from Three U.S. Case Studies. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (3):869.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bryan DeAngelis; Ariana Sutton-Grier; Allison Colden; Katie Arkema; Christopher Baillie; Richard Bennett; Jeff Benoit; Seth Blitch; Anthony Chatwin; Alyssa Dausman; Rachel Gittman; Holly Greening; Jessica Henkel; Rachel Houge; Ron Howard; A. Hughes; Jeremy Lowe; Steven Scyphers; Edward Sherwood; Stephanie Westby; Jonathan Grabowski. 2020. "Social Factors Key to Landscape-Scale Coastal Restoration: Lessons Learned from Three U.S. Case Studies." Sustainability 12, no. 3: 869.

Journal article
Published: 31 January 2019 in Journal of Environmental Management
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Carbon offset credits, and associated projects, are acclaimed to address economic, environmental and social issues simultaneously. However, critics argue that carbon offset mechanisms are ill equipped to assist developing countries in achieving sustainable development. Social standards now exist to provide robust methods for assessing the social and biodiversity performance of carbon offset projects and credible impact assessments to help ensure positive outcomes for local people and biodiversity. Following such a standard, and simultaneously applying the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach, we develop the Coastal Carbon Impacts Framework (CCIF) as a conceptual framework to document the potential positive and negative impacts of coastal carbon offset projects on local livelihoods. We apply the CCIF to four case studies and derive its main livelihood outcomes as well as describe potential long-term impacts. By using the capitals approach, the CCIF is able to dismantle the different impact areas into smaller entities. This allows a more detailed analysis on the positive and negative impacts a project has on communities – across the natural, financial, social, human, physical, cultural and political capital. While the case studies analysed show mainly positive outcomes, certainly no project is without risk of negatively impacting the community. The CCIF is however able to demonstrate potential social risk areas. If applied to additional coastal carbon offset projects, best practice documents, community engagement and the monitoring and evaluation process of such projects can be improved.

ACS Style

Dorothée Herr; Juliet Blum; Amber Himes-Cornell; Ariana Sutton-Grier. An analysis of the potential positive and negative livelihood impacts of coastal carbon offset projects. Journal of Environmental Management 2019, 235, 463 -479.

AMA Style

Dorothée Herr, Juliet Blum, Amber Himes-Cornell, Ariana Sutton-Grier. An analysis of the potential positive and negative livelihood impacts of coastal carbon offset projects. Journal of Environmental Management. 2019; 235 ():463-479.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dorothée Herr; Juliet Blum; Amber Himes-Cornell; Ariana Sutton-Grier. 2019. "An analysis of the potential positive and negative livelihood impacts of coastal carbon offset projects." Journal of Environmental Management 235, no. : 463-479.

Journal article
Published: 19 November 2018 in Nature Climate Change
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The IPCC 2013 Wetlands Supplement provided new guidance for countries on inclusion of wetlands in their National GHG Inventories. The United States has responded by including managed coastal wetlands for the first time in its 2017 GHG Inventory report along with an updated time series in the most recent 2018 submission and plans to update the time series on an annual basis as part of its yearly submission to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The United States followed IPCC Good Practice Guidance when reporting sources and sinks associated with managed coastal wetlands. Here we show that intact vegetated coastal wetlands are a net sink for GHGs. Despite robust regulation that has protected substantial stocks of carbon, the United States continues to lose coastal wetlands to development and the largest loss of wetlands to open water occurs around the Mississippi Delta due mostly to upstream changes in hydrology and sediment delivery, and oil and gas extraction. These processes create GHG emissions. By applying comprehensive Inventory reporting, scientists in the United States have identified opportunities for reducing GHG emissions through restoration of coastal wetlands that also provide many important societal co-benefits. Managed coastal wetlands have been included for the first time in the US Greenhouse Gas Inventory. Intact vegetated coastal wetlands are shown to represent a net greenhouse gas sink, but these are being lost to development, despite robust regulation, causing emissions.

ACS Style

Stephen Crooks; Ariana E. Sutton-Grier; Tiffany G. Troxler; Nathaniel Herold; Blanca Bernal; Lisa Schile-Beers; Tom Wirth. Coastal wetland management as a contribution to the US National Greenhouse Gas Inventory. Nature Climate Change 2018, 8, 1109 -1112.

AMA Style

Stephen Crooks, Ariana E. Sutton-Grier, Tiffany G. Troxler, Nathaniel Herold, Blanca Bernal, Lisa Schile-Beers, Tom Wirth. Coastal wetland management as a contribution to the US National Greenhouse Gas Inventory. Nature Climate Change. 2018; 8 (12):1109-1112.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stephen Crooks; Ariana E. Sutton-Grier; Tiffany G. Troxler; Nathaniel Herold; Blanca Bernal; Lisa Schile-Beers; Tom Wirth. 2018. "Coastal wetland management as a contribution to the US National Greenhouse Gas Inventory." Nature Climate Change 8, no. 12: 1109-1112.

Website
Published: 16 November 2018 in A Blue Carbon Primer
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HIGHLIGHTS Recognizing the problem of global climate change, one of the IPCC’s activities is to support the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) through its work on methodologies for national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories. In 2014, the IPCC released the 2013 Supplement to the IPCC National Greenhouse Gas Inventory: Wetlands (Wetlands Supplement), which * provides methods for estimating anthropogenic emissions 218and removals of GHGs (CO2, CH4, and N2O) associated with specific activities including aquaculture, salt production, extraction, drainage, rewetting, revegetation and creation, and forest management practice in mangroves (IPCC 2014). A U.S. case study, applying the guidance in the U.S., illustrates the effect of accounting for management activities directly rather than stock changes associated with Land Use, Land-use Change and Forestry whereby all lands are defined as managed. The IPCC guidance provided and U.S. case study illustrate how any country can include coastal wetlands as part of their national GHG inventory prepared for the UNFCCC.

ACS Style

Tiffany G. Troxler; Hilary A. Kennedy; Stephen Crooks; Ariana E. Sutton-Grier. Introduction of Coastal Wetlands into the IPCC Greenhouse Gas Inventory Methodological Guidance. A Blue Carbon Primer 2018, 217 -234.

AMA Style

Tiffany G. Troxler, Hilary A. Kennedy, Stephen Crooks, Ariana E. Sutton-Grier. Introduction of Coastal Wetlands into the IPCC Greenhouse Gas Inventory Methodological Guidance. A Blue Carbon Primer. 2018; ():217-234.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tiffany G. Troxler; Hilary A. Kennedy; Stephen Crooks; Ariana E. Sutton-Grier. 2018. "Introduction of Coastal Wetlands into the IPCC Greenhouse Gas Inventory Methodological Guidance." A Blue Carbon Primer , no. : 217-234.

Website
Published: 16 November 2018 in A Blue Carbon Primer
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250 Highlights Blue carbon ecosystems (BCEs) provide many ecosystem services as “the benefits people obtain from ecosystems.” These include important recreational and tourism opportunities, key fishery habitat, water quality improvements, and flood and erosion mitigation. These are co-benefits of BCEs in addition to carbon sequestration. The monetary value of these services are best known for coastal protection and carbon sequestration, with monetary value of coastal protection services estimated at $23 billion year−1 between 1980 and 2008. Environmental degradation of coastal areas reduces the capacity of BCE to confer these co-benefits. While some uncertainties persist, given what is known about the aggregate monetary and non-monetary value of BCE, the co-benefits of BCE may outweigh the cost of managing, restoring, and creating BCE as nature-based features in coastal adaptation projects.

ACS Style

Tibor Vegh; Linwood Pendleton; Brian Murray; Tiffany Troxler; Keqi Zhang; Edward Castañeda-Moya; Greg Guannel; Ariana Sutton-Grier. Ecosystem Services and Economic Valuation. A Blue Carbon Primer 2018, 249 -266.

AMA Style

Tibor Vegh, Linwood Pendleton, Brian Murray, Tiffany Troxler, Keqi Zhang, Edward Castañeda-Moya, Greg Guannel, Ariana Sutton-Grier. Ecosystem Services and Economic Valuation. A Blue Carbon Primer. 2018; ():249-266.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tibor Vegh; Linwood Pendleton; Brian Murray; Tiffany Troxler; Keqi Zhang; Edward Castañeda-Moya; Greg Guannel; Ariana Sutton-Grier. 2018. "Ecosystem Services and Economic Valuation." A Blue Carbon Primer , no. : 249-266.

Website
Published: 16 November 2018 in A Blue Carbon Primer
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236 HIGHLIGHTS There are many options for implementing blue carbon projects and for leveraging policy opportunities to restore wetlands and improve ecosystem service valuation for climate change mitigation. Voluntary carbon markets are one mechanism that has been successful in Kenya, but other market mechanisms, such as sustainable shrimp labeling that requires mangrove restoration, is another that is being used in Vietnam. Countries are also incorporating coastal wetlands into national activities such as the greenhouse gas reporting efforts in the United States, and climate mitigation commitments under the Paris agreement in Mexico. Challenges to blue carbon efforts include the low price of carbon in the market and a lack of mapping and carbon data in many places but these can be overcome with targeted investments. The efforts described here are some of the first successful blue carbon projects and can serve as models for other countries with the hope that we can build a global database of data and projects to help facilitate implementation of projects around the world.

ACS Style

Ariana E. Sutton-Grier; Carly Brody; Michael Kunz; Dorothee Herr; Elisa López García; Lindsay Wylie; Minerva Rosette; James G. Kairo. National Policy Opportunities to Support Blue Carbon Conservation. A Blue Carbon Primer 2018, 235 -247.

AMA Style

Ariana E. Sutton-Grier, Carly Brody, Michael Kunz, Dorothee Herr, Elisa López García, Lindsay Wylie, Minerva Rosette, James G. Kairo. National Policy Opportunities to Support Blue Carbon Conservation. A Blue Carbon Primer. 2018; ():235-247.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ariana E. Sutton-Grier; Carly Brody; Michael Kunz; Dorothee Herr; Elisa López García; Lindsay Wylie; Minerva Rosette; James G. Kairo. 2018. "National Policy Opportunities to Support Blue Carbon Conservation." A Blue Carbon Primer , no. : 235-247.

Research article
Published: 14 November 2018 in Science Advances
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Limiting climate warming to <2°C requires increased mitigation efforts, including land stewardship, whose potential in the United States is poorly understood. We quantified the potential of natural climate solutions (NCS)—21 conservation, restoration, and improved land management interventions on natural and agricultural lands—to increase carbon storage and avoid greenhouse gas emissions in the United States. We found a maximum potential of 1.2 (0.9 to 1.6) Pg CO2e year−1, the equivalent of 21% of current net annual emissions of the United States. At current carbon market prices (USD 10 per Mg CO2e), 299 Tg CO2e year−1could be achieved. NCS would also provide air and water filtration, flood control, soil health, wildlife habitat, and climate resilience benefits.

ACS Style

Joseph E. Fargione; Steven Bassett; Timothy Boucher; Scott D. Bridgham; Richard T. Conant; Susan C. Cook-Patton; Peter W. Ellis; Alessandra Falcucci; James W. Fourqurean; Trisha Gopalakrishna; Huan Gu; Benjamin Henderson; Matthew D. Hurteau; Kevin D. Kroeger; Timm Kroeger; Tyler J. Lark; Sara M. Leavitt; Guy Lomax; Robert I. McDonald; J. Patrick Megonigal; Daniela A. Miteva; Curtis J. Richardson; Jonathan Sanderman; David Shoch; Seth A. Spawn; Joseph W. Veldman; Christopher A. Williams; Peter B. Woodbury; Chris Zganjar; Marci Baranski; Patricia Elias; Richard A. Houghton; Emily Landis; Emily McGlynn; William H. Schlesinger; Juha V. Siikamaki; Ariana E. Sutton-Grier; Bronson W. Griscom. Natural climate solutions for the United States. Science Advances 2018, 4, eaat1869 .

AMA Style

Joseph E. Fargione, Steven Bassett, Timothy Boucher, Scott D. Bridgham, Richard T. Conant, Susan C. Cook-Patton, Peter W. Ellis, Alessandra Falcucci, James W. Fourqurean, Trisha Gopalakrishna, Huan Gu, Benjamin Henderson, Matthew D. Hurteau, Kevin D. Kroeger, Timm Kroeger, Tyler J. Lark, Sara M. Leavitt, Guy Lomax, Robert I. McDonald, J. Patrick Megonigal, Daniela A. Miteva, Curtis J. Richardson, Jonathan Sanderman, David Shoch, Seth A. Spawn, Joseph W. Veldman, Christopher A. Williams, Peter B. Woodbury, Chris Zganjar, Marci Baranski, Patricia Elias, Richard A. Houghton, Emily Landis, Emily McGlynn, William H. Schlesinger, Juha V. Siikamaki, Ariana E. Sutton-Grier, Bronson W. Griscom. Natural climate solutions for the United States. Science Advances. 2018; 4 (11):eaat1869.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joseph E. Fargione; Steven Bassett; Timothy Boucher; Scott D. Bridgham; Richard T. Conant; Susan C. Cook-Patton; Peter W. Ellis; Alessandra Falcucci; James W. Fourqurean; Trisha Gopalakrishna; Huan Gu; Benjamin Henderson; Matthew D. Hurteau; Kevin D. Kroeger; Timm Kroeger; Tyler J. Lark; Sara M. Leavitt; Guy Lomax; Robert I. McDonald; J. Patrick Megonigal; Daniela A. Miteva; Curtis J. Richardson; Jonathan Sanderman; David Shoch; Seth A. Spawn; Joseph W. Veldman; Christopher A. Williams; Peter B. Woodbury; Chris Zganjar; Marci Baranski; Patricia Elias; Richard A. Houghton; Emily Landis; Emily McGlynn; William H. Schlesinger; Juha V. Siikamaki; Ariana E. Sutton-Grier; Bronson W. Griscom. 2018. "Natural climate solutions for the United States." Science Advances 4, no. 11: eaat1869.

Letter
Published: 01 November 2018 in Environmental Research Letters
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Coastal wetlands store carbon dioxide (CO2) and emit CO2 and methane (CH4) making them an important part of greenhouse gas (GHG) inventorying. In the contiguous United States (CONUS), a coastal wetland inventory was recently calculated by combining maps of wetland type and change with soil, biomass, and CH4 flux data from a literature review. We assess uncertainty in this developing carbon monitoring system to quantify confidence in the inventory process itself and to prioritize future research. We provide a value-added analysis by defining types and scales of uncertainty for assumptions, burial and emissions datasets, and wetland maps, simulating 10 000 iterations of a simplified version of the inventory, and performing a sensitivity analysis. Coastal wetlands were likely a source of net-CO2-equivalent (CO2e) emissions from 2006–2011. Although stable estuarine wetlands were likely a CO2e sink, this effect was counteracted by catastrophic soil losses in the Gulf Coast, and CH4 emissions from tidal freshwater wetlands. The direction and magnitude of total CONUS CO2e flux were most sensitive to uncertainty in emissions and burial data, and assumptions about how to calculate the inventory. Critical data uncertainties included CH4 emissions for stable freshwater wetlands and carbon burial rates for all coastal wetlands. Critical assumptions included the average depth of soil affected by erosion events, the method used to convert CH4 fluxes to CO2e, and the fraction of carbon lost to the atmosphere following an erosion event. The inventory was relatively insensitive to mapping uncertainties. Future versions could be improved by collecting additional data, especially the depth affected by loss events, and by better mapping salinity and inundation gradients relevant to key GHG fluxes. Social Media US coastal wetlands were a recent and uncertain source of greenhouse gasses because of CH4 and erosion.

ACS Style

James R Holmquist; Lisamarie Windham-Myers; Blanca Bernal; Kristin B Byrd; Steve Crooks; Meagan Eagle Gonneea; Nate Herold; Sara H Knox; Kevin D Kroeger; John McCombs; J Patrick Megonigal; Meng Lu; James T Morris; Ariana E Sutton-Grier; Tiffany G Troxler; Donald E Weller. Uncertainty in United States coastal wetland greenhouse gas inventorying. Environmental Research Letters 2018, 13, 115005 .

AMA Style

James R Holmquist, Lisamarie Windham-Myers, Blanca Bernal, Kristin B Byrd, Steve Crooks, Meagan Eagle Gonneea, Nate Herold, Sara H Knox, Kevin D Kroeger, John McCombs, J Patrick Megonigal, Meng Lu, James T Morris, Ariana E Sutton-Grier, Tiffany G Troxler, Donald E Weller. Uncertainty in United States coastal wetland greenhouse gas inventorying. Environmental Research Letters. 2018; 13 (11):115005.

Chicago/Turabian Style

James R Holmquist; Lisamarie Windham-Myers; Blanca Bernal; Kristin B Byrd; Steve Crooks; Meagan Eagle Gonneea; Nate Herold; Sara H Knox; Kevin D Kroeger; John McCombs; J Patrick Megonigal; Meng Lu; James T Morris; Ariana E Sutton-Grier; Tiffany G Troxler; Donald E Weller. 2018. "Uncertainty in United States coastal wetland greenhouse gas inventorying." Environmental Research Letters 13, no. 11: 115005.

Guest editorial
Published: 01 October 2018 in Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
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Joanna Endter-Wada; Karin M Kettenring; Ariana Sutton-Grier. Sustaining wetlands to mitigate disasters and protect people. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 2018, 16, 431 -431.

AMA Style

Joanna Endter-Wada, Karin M Kettenring, Ariana Sutton-Grier. Sustaining wetlands to mitigate disasters and protect people. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 2018; 16 (8):431-431.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joanna Endter-Wada; Karin M Kettenring; Ariana Sutton-Grier. 2018. "Sustaining wetlands to mitigate disasters and protect people." Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 16, no. 8: 431-431.

Ramsar
Published: 30 July 2018 in Wetlands
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The Second Warning to Humanity provides a clarion call for wetland researchers and practitioners given the loss and degradation of wetlands, the declining availability of fresh water, and the likely consequences of climate change. A coordinated response and approach to policies has the potential to prevent further degradation and support resilient wetlands that can provide a range of ecosystem services, including buffering wetlands from climate impacts, and avoiding major climate amplification from temperature-induced release of additional carbon dioxide and methane while addressing the causes and consequences of global climate change. The Warning to Humanity also provides an opportunity for organisations such as the Society of Wetland Scientists to raise the profile of wetlands and to initiate a discussion on how to respond and change direction from the destructive development trajectory that led to wetland loss and degradation. It also provides a signal for a reappraisal of the effectiveness of the implementation of the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands as an international mechanism for ensuring the sustainability of wetlands.

ACS Style

C. M. Finlayson; Gillian T. Davies; William R. Moomaw; G. L. Chmura; Susan M. Natali; J. E. Perry; N. Roulet; Ariana E. Sutton-Grier. The Second Warning to Humanity – Providing a Context for Wetland Management and Policy. Wetlands 2018, 39, 1 -5.

AMA Style

C. M. Finlayson, Gillian T. Davies, William R. Moomaw, G. L. Chmura, Susan M. Natali, J. E. Perry, N. Roulet, Ariana E. Sutton-Grier. The Second Warning to Humanity – Providing a Context for Wetland Management and Policy. Wetlands. 2018; 39 (1):1-5.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C. M. Finlayson; Gillian T. Davies; William R. Moomaw; G. L. Chmura; Susan M. Natali; J. E. Perry; N. Roulet; Ariana E. Sutton-Grier. 2018. "The Second Warning to Humanity – Providing a Context for Wetland Management and Policy." Wetlands 39, no. 1: 1-5.

Journal article
Published: 26 July 2018 in Sustainability
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Current and future climate-related coastal impacts such as catastrophic and repetitive flooding, hurricane intensity, and sea level rise necessitate a new approach to developing and managing coastal infrastructure. Traditional “hard” or “grey” engineering solutions are proving both expensive and inflexible in the face of a rapidly changing coastal environment. Hybrid solutions that incorporate natural, nature-based, structural, and non-structural features may better achieve a broad set of goals such as ecological enhancement, long-term adaptation, and social benefits, but broad consideration and uptake of these approaches has been slow. One barrier to the widespread implementation of hybrid solutions is the lack of a relatively quick but holistic evaluation framework that places these broader environmental and societal goals on equal footing with the more traditional goal of exposure reduction. To respond to this need, the Adaptive Gradients Framework was developed and pilot-tested as a qualitative, flexible, and collaborative process guide for organizations to understand, evaluate, and potentially select more diverse kinds of infrastructural responses. These responses would ideally include natural, nature-based, and regulatory/cultural approaches, as well as hybrid designs combining multiple approaches. It enables rapid expert review of project designs based on eight metrics called “gradients”, which include exposure reduction, cost efficiency, institutional capacity, ecological enhancement, adaptation over time, greenhouse gas reduction, participatory process, and social benefits. The framework was conceptualized and developed in three phases: relevant factors and barriers were collected from practitioners and experts by survey; these factors were ranked by importance and used to develop the initial framework; several case studies were iteratively evaluated using this technique; and the framework was finalized for implementation. The article presents the framework and a pilot test of its application, along with resources that would enable wider application of the framework by practitioners and theorists.

ACS Style

Elisabeth M. Hamin; Yaser Abunnasr; Max Roman Dilthey; Pamela K. Judge; Melissa A. Kenney; Paul Kirshen; Thomas C. Sheahan; Don J. DeGroot; Robert L. Ryan; Brain G. McAdoo; Leonard Nurse; Jane A. Buxton; Ariana E. Sutton-Grier; Elizabeth A. Albright; Marielos Arlen Marin; Rebecca Fricke. Pathways to Coastal Resiliency: The Adaptive Gradients Framework. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2629 .

AMA Style

Elisabeth M. Hamin, Yaser Abunnasr, Max Roman Dilthey, Pamela K. Judge, Melissa A. Kenney, Paul Kirshen, Thomas C. Sheahan, Don J. DeGroot, Robert L. Ryan, Brain G. McAdoo, Leonard Nurse, Jane A. Buxton, Ariana E. Sutton-Grier, Elizabeth A. Albright, Marielos Arlen Marin, Rebecca Fricke. Pathways to Coastal Resiliency: The Adaptive Gradients Framework. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (8):2629.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elisabeth M. Hamin; Yaser Abunnasr; Max Roman Dilthey; Pamela K. Judge; Melissa A. Kenney; Paul Kirshen; Thomas C. Sheahan; Don J. DeGroot; Robert L. Ryan; Brain G. McAdoo; Leonard Nurse; Jane A. Buxton; Ariana E. Sutton-Grier; Elizabeth A. Albright; Marielos Arlen Marin; Rebecca Fricke. 2018. "Pathways to Coastal Resiliency: The Adaptive Gradients Framework." Sustainability 10, no. 8: 2629.

Landscape approaches to wetland management
Published: 11 May 2018 in Wetlands
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There is substantial, growing literature that details positive human health effects, psychological and physiological, of exposure to “nature,” including “green” and “blue space,” with evidence suggesting that diversity of species or environments may have specific positive human health benefits. These health benefits are important ecosystem services provided by healthy ecosystems. In this paper, we discuss several critical ecosystem services provided by wetlands including disaster risk reduction, with an emphasis on benefits to human health and well-being. Impacts to human health via damage to ecosystem services from disasters have rarely been considered in disaster planning or mitigation, nor have the health benefits been part of the framework for planning urban greenspaces and land-use. Coastal wetlands can be part of “natural and nature-based” solutions, minimizing the impacts of disasters by buffering coastal communities from storms and erosion and absorbing flood waters. In addition, mental and physical health benefits of experiencing healthy wetlands could offset some stress and disease encounters related to disasters. Thus, coastal wetlands should be part of a strategy for reducing the risk posed by disasters and facilitating recovery. We conclude with recommendations for research priorities and specific inclusion of wetlands in coastal community planning for disaster response and recovery.

ACS Style

Ariana E. Sutton-Grier; Paul A. Sandifer. Conservation of Wetlands and Other Coastal Ecosystems: a Commentary on their Value to Protect Biodiversity, Reduce Disaster Impacts, and Promote Human Health and Well-Being. Wetlands 2018, 39, 1295 -1302.

AMA Style

Ariana E. Sutton-Grier, Paul A. Sandifer. Conservation of Wetlands and Other Coastal Ecosystems: a Commentary on their Value to Protect Biodiversity, Reduce Disaster Impacts, and Promote Human Health and Well-Being. Wetlands. 2018; 39 (6):1295-1302.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ariana E. Sutton-Grier; Paul A. Sandifer. 2018. "Conservation of Wetlands and Other Coastal Ecosystems: a Commentary on their Value to Protect Biodiversity, Reduce Disaster Impacts, and Promote Human Health and Well-Being." Wetlands 39, no. 6: 1295-1302.

Mark brinson review
Published: 05 April 2018 in Wetlands
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Part 1 of this review synthesizes recent research on status and climate vulnerability of freshwater and saltwater wetlands, and their contribution to addressing climate change (carbon cycle, adaptation, resilience). Peatlands and vegetated coastal wetlands are among the most carbon rich sinks on the planet sequestering approximately as much carbon as do global forest ecosystems. Estimates of the consequences of rising temperature on current wetland carbon storage and future carbon sequestration potential are summarized. We also demonstrate the need to prevent drying of wetlands and thawing of permafrost by disturbances and rising temperatures to protect wetland carbon stores and climate adaptation/resiliency ecosystem services. Preventing further wetland loss is found to be important in limiting future emissions to meet climate goals, but is seldom considered. In Part 2, the paper explores the policy and management realm from international to national, subnational and local levels to identify strategies and policies reflecting an integrated understanding of both wetland and climate change science. Specific recommendations are made to capture synergies between wetlands and carbon cycle management, adaptation and resiliency to further enable researchers, policy makers and practitioners to protect wetland carbon and climate adaptation/resiliency ecosystem services.

ACS Style

William R. Moomaw; Gail Chmura; Gillian T. Davies; Colin Finlayson; B. A. Middleton; Susan M. Natali; J. E. Perry; Nigel Roulet; Ariana Sutton-Grier. Wetlands In a Changing Climate: Science, Policy and Management. Wetlands 2018, 38, 183 -205.

AMA Style

William R. Moomaw, Gail Chmura, Gillian T. Davies, Colin Finlayson, B. A. Middleton, Susan M. Natali, J. E. Perry, Nigel Roulet, Ariana Sutton-Grier. Wetlands In a Changing Climate: Science, Policy and Management. Wetlands. 2018; 38 (2):183-205.

Chicago/Turabian Style

William R. Moomaw; Gail Chmura; Gillian T. Davies; Colin Finlayson; B. A. Middleton; Susan M. Natali; J. E. Perry; Nigel Roulet; Ariana Sutton-Grier. 2018. "Wetlands In a Changing Climate: Science, Policy and Management." Wetlands 38, no. 2: 183-205.

Article
Published: 01 March 2018 in Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
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Ariana Sutton-Grier; Jennifer Howard. Coastal wetlands are the best marine carbon sink for climate mitigation. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 2018, 16, 73 -74.

AMA Style

Ariana Sutton-Grier, Jennifer Howard. Coastal wetlands are the best marine carbon sink for climate mitigation. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 2018; 16 (2):73-74.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ariana Sutton-Grier; Jennifer Howard. 2018. "Coastal wetlands are the best marine carbon sink for climate mitigation." Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 16, no. 2: 73-74.

Perspective
Published: 15 February 2018 in Sustainability
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Much of the United States’ critical infrastructure is either aging or requires significant repair, leaving U.S. communities and the economy vulnerable. Outdated and dilapidated infrastructure places coastal communities, in particular, at risk from the increasingly frequent and intense coastal storm events and rising sea levels. Therefore, investments in coastal infrastructure are urgently needed to ensure community safety and prosperity; however, these investments should not jeopardize the ecosystems and natural resources that underlie economic wealth and human well-being. Over the past 50 years, efforts have been made to integrate built infrastructure with natural landscape features, often termed “green” infrastructure, in order to sustain and restore valuable ecosystem functions and services. For example, significant advances have been made in implementing green infrastructure approaches for stormwater management, wastewater treatment, and drinking water conservation and delivery. However, the implementation of natural and nature-based infrastructure (NNBI) aimed at flood prevention and coastal erosion protection is lagging. There is an opportunity now, as the U.S. government reacts to the recent, unprecedented flooding and hurricane damage and considers greater infrastructure investments, to incorporate NNBI into coastal infrastructure projects. Doing so will increase resilience and provide critical services to local communities in a cost-effective manner and thereby help to sustain a growing economy.

ACS Style

Ariana Sutton-Grier; Rachel Gittman; Katie Arkema; Richard Bennett; Jeff Benoit; Seth Blitch; Kelly Burks-Copes; Allison Colden; Alyssa Dausman; Bryan DeAngelis; A. Hughes; Steven Scyphers; Jonathan Grabowski. Investing in Natural and Nature-Based Infrastructure: Building Better Along Our Coasts. Sustainability 2018, 10, 523 .

AMA Style

Ariana Sutton-Grier, Rachel Gittman, Katie Arkema, Richard Bennett, Jeff Benoit, Seth Blitch, Kelly Burks-Copes, Allison Colden, Alyssa Dausman, Bryan DeAngelis, A. Hughes, Steven Scyphers, Jonathan Grabowski. Investing in Natural and Nature-Based Infrastructure: Building Better Along Our Coasts. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (2):523.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ariana Sutton-Grier; Rachel Gittman; Katie Arkema; Richard Bennett; Jeff Benoit; Seth Blitch; Kelly Burks-Copes; Allison Colden; Alyssa Dausman; Bryan DeAngelis; A. Hughes; Steven Scyphers; Jonathan Grabowski. 2018. "Investing in Natural and Nature-Based Infrastructure: Building Better Along Our Coasts." Sustainability 10, no. 2: 523.

Report
Published: 01 January 2018 in Chapter 8 : Coastal Effects. Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: The Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II
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Elizabeth Fleming; Jeffrey L. Payne; William V. Sweet; Michael Craghan; John Haines; Juliette A. Finzi Hart; Heidi Stiller; Ariana Sutton-Grier. Chapter 8 : Coastal Effects. Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: The Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II. Chapter 8 : Coastal Effects. Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: The Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Elizabeth Fleming, Jeffrey L. Payne, William V. Sweet, Michael Craghan, John Haines, Juliette A. Finzi Hart, Heidi Stiller, Ariana Sutton-Grier. Chapter 8 : Coastal Effects. Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: The Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II. Chapter 8 : Coastal Effects. Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: The Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II. 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elizabeth Fleming; Jeffrey L. Payne; William V. Sweet; Michael Craghan; John Haines; Juliette A. Finzi Hart; Heidi Stiller; Ariana Sutton-Grier. 2018. "Chapter 8 : Coastal Effects. Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: The Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II." Chapter 8 : Coastal Effects. Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: The Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2017 in Marine Policy
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Emory Wellman; Ariana Sutton-Grier; Meg Imholt; Adam Domanski. Catching a wave? A case study on incorporating storm protection benefits into Habitat Equivalency Analysis. Marine Policy 2017, 83, 118 -125.

AMA Style

Emory Wellman, Ariana Sutton-Grier, Meg Imholt, Adam Domanski. Catching a wave? A case study on incorporating storm protection benefits into Habitat Equivalency Analysis. Marine Policy. 2017; 83 ():118-125.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Emory Wellman; Ariana Sutton-Grier; Meg Imholt; Adam Domanski. 2017. "Catching a wave? A case study on incorporating storm protection benefits into Habitat Equivalency Analysis." Marine Policy 83, no. : 118-125.

Research article
Published: 06 March 2017 in GeoHealth
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Few conceptual frameworks attempt to connect disaster‐associated environmental injuries to impacts on ecosystem services (the benefits humans derive from nature) and thence to both psychological and physiological human health effects. To our knowledge, this study is one of the first, if not the first, to develop a detailed conceptual model of how degraded ecosystem services affect cumulative stress impacts on the health of individual humans and communities. Our comprehensive Disaster‐Pressure State‐Ecosystem Services‐Response‐Health model demonstrates that oil spills, hurricanes, and other disasters can change key ecosystem components resulting in reductions in individual and multiple ecosystem services that support people's livelihoods, health, and way of life. Further, the model elucidates how damage to ecosystem services produces acute, chronic, and cumulative stress in humans which increases risk of adverse psychological and physiological health outcomes. While developed and initially applied within the context of the Gulf of Mexico, it should work equally well in other geographies and for many disasters that cause impairment of ecosystem services. Use of this new tool will improve planning for responses to future disasters and help society more fully account for the costs and benefits of potential management responses. The model also can be used to help direct investments in improving response capabilities of the public health community, biomedical researchers, and environmental scientists. Finally, the model illustrates why the broad range of potential human health effects of disasters should receive equal attention to that accorded environmental damages in assessing restoration and recovery costs and time frames.

ACS Style

Paul A. Sandifer; Landon C. Knapp; Tracy K. Collier; Amanda L. Jones; Robert‐Paul Juster; Christopher R. Kelble; Richard Kwok; John V. Miglarese; Lawrence A. Palinkas; Dwayne E. Porter; Geoffrey I. Scott; Lisa M. Smith; William C. Sullivan; Ariana E. Sutton‐Grier. A conceptual model to assess stress‐associated health effects of multiple ecosystem services degraded by disaster events in the Gulf of Mexico and elsewhere. GeoHealth 2017, 1, 17 -36.

AMA Style

Paul A. Sandifer, Landon C. Knapp, Tracy K. Collier, Amanda L. Jones, Robert‐Paul Juster, Christopher R. Kelble, Richard Kwok, John V. Miglarese, Lawrence A. Palinkas, Dwayne E. Porter, Geoffrey I. Scott, Lisa M. Smith, William C. Sullivan, Ariana E. Sutton‐Grier. A conceptual model to assess stress‐associated health effects of multiple ecosystem services degraded by disaster events in the Gulf of Mexico and elsewhere. GeoHealth. 2017; 1 (1):17-36.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paul A. Sandifer; Landon C. Knapp; Tracy K. Collier; Amanda L. Jones; Robert‐Paul Juster; Christopher R. Kelble; Richard Kwok; John V. Miglarese; Lawrence A. Palinkas; Dwayne E. Porter; Geoffrey I. Scott; Lisa M. Smith; William C. Sullivan; Ariana E. Sutton‐Grier. 2017. "A conceptual model to assess stress‐associated health effects of multiple ecosystem services degraded by disaster events in the Gulf of Mexico and elsewhere." GeoHealth 1, no. 1: 17-36.

Article
Published: 01 February 2017 in Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
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The international scientific community is increasingly recognizing the role of natural systems in climate-change mitigation. While forests have historically been the primary focus of such efforts, coastal wetlands – particularly seagrasses, tidal marshes, and mangroves – are now considered important and effective long-term carbon sinks. However, some members of the coastal and marine policy and management community have been interested in expanding climate mitigation strategies to include other components within coastal and marine systems, such as coral reefs, phytoplankton, kelp forests, and marine fauna. We analyze the scientific evidence regarding whether these marine ecosystems and ecosystem components are viable long-term carbon sinks and whether they can be managed for climate mitigation. Our findings could assist decision makers and conservation practitioners in identifying which components of coastal and marine ecosystems should be prioritized in current climate mitigation strategies and policies.

ACS Style

Jennifer Howard; Ariana Sutton-Grier; Dorothée Herr; Joan Kleypas; Emily Landis; Elizabeth McLeod; Emily Pidgeon; Stefanie Simpson. Clarifying the role of coastal and marine systems in climate mitigation. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 2017, 15, 42 -50.

AMA Style

Jennifer Howard, Ariana Sutton-Grier, Dorothée Herr, Joan Kleypas, Emily Landis, Elizabeth McLeod, Emily Pidgeon, Stefanie Simpson. Clarifying the role of coastal and marine systems in climate mitigation. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 2017; 15 (1):42-50.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jennifer Howard; Ariana Sutton-Grier; Dorothée Herr; Joan Kleypas; Emily Landis; Elizabeth McLeod; Emily Pidgeon; Stefanie Simpson. 2017. "Clarifying the role of coastal and marine systems in climate mitigation." Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 15, no. 1: 42-50.