This paper analyzes how order batching policies impact on the bullwhip effect over a multi-echelon distribution supply chain facing cyclic demand. As a demand cycle is repeated over the time planning horizon, a wrapping around operator is considered and based on this a single cycle is required to represent the real problem. The problem consists on determining the optimal reordering plan, which minimizes the overall system operational costs while investigating which bullwhip measures are more adequate to control such type of systems. A mixed integer linear programming model is developed, which considers a multi-echelon inventory/distribution system formed by N-warehouses and M-retailers with lateral transshipments among warehouses and among retailers. A case study based on a real retailer distribution chain are presented and solved.

This paper considers a multi-echelon inventory/distribution system formed by N-warehouses and M-retailers that manages a set of diverse products within a dynamic environment. Retailers are replenished from regional warehouses and these are supplied by a central distribution entity. Transshipment at both regional warehouses and retailers levels is allowed. A mixed integer linear programming model is developed, where product demand at the retailers is assumed to be unknown. The problem consists of determining the optimal reorder policy by defining the new concept of robust retailer order, which minimises the overall system cost, including ordering, holding in stock and in transit, transportation, transshipping and lost sales costs while guaranteeing service level. The proposed model is extended to address simultaneously uncertainty in both products demands and replenishment lead times. A case study based on a real retailer distribution chain is solved.

In today's modern world, the use of data within companies is becomingincreasingly vital. However, much of this data remains untapped, leading toa loss in potential value. This paper investigates the transformative impact ofBusiness Intelligence (BI) within the Logistics 4.0 context on strategic decisionmakingand competitive advantage. By applying a Delphi method with expertsfrom a prominent Portuguese logistics company, we assessed BI’s integrationinto corporate strategy and operational practices. Findings emphasize the criticalrole of aligning BI tools with organizational goals, supported by top management,and the necessity of continuous training to maximize the value of BIadoption.