This study aims to explore the relationship between environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosure scores and financial performance among publicly listed firms in Thailand from 2014 to 2023. The study uses a methodology by designing a system GMM and difference GMM estimations. The findings provide robust insights into how ESG disclosure scores influence firm profitability and market valuation. The results reveal that environmental disclosure scores negatively affect accounting-based performance measures (ROA and ROE) but positively influence market valuation (Tobin’s Q). The social disclosure score consistently enhances ROA, ROE, and Tobin’s Q. The governance disclosure score presents mixed results, with system GMM showing a negative impact on all performance measures, while difference GMM indicates a positive effect on ROA and ROE but a negative influence on Tobin’s Q. Firm-specific characteristics also play a significant role, as higher leverage weakens financial performance, and liquidity management has varying effects. The practical implications of the study, through its contribution to the literature, are to provide empirical evidence on environmental, social, and governance disclosures in the context of emerging markets. Finally, the study recommends the need for a well-structured policy framework that ensures that environmental, social, and governance initiatives lead to long-term financial stability, investor confidence, and sustainable economic development.

In response to the growing environmental concerns and sustainability imperatives in the GCC and the world in general, companies are increasingly being urged to integrate environmental accountability into their core strategies and operations by accounting for environmental performance in their financial statements and the impact on supply chains and sustainable development. The problem of the study is to identify the impact of environmental accounting disclosure challenges on supply chains and sustainable development in companies. By taking the experiments of 20 companies and representatives of the study community interested in the topic and using the heuristic study approach through the questionnaire tool and a set of key variables, including the adoption of disclosure on environmental accounting performance (DEAP), supply chain sustainability performance (SCP), Sustainable Development Index (SD), and the (PLS) program, through statistical analysis, the study reached the most important results. The study revealed a positive relationship between the disclosure of environmental accounting performance, improved supply chains, and sustainable development in the companies represented by the study sample in the GCC, where both financial performance and environmental performance contribute to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and supply chains. Accordingly, the study recommends many recommendations, the most important of which are: the need for companies to be encouraged to disclose the performance of environmental accounting as a strategic necessity, promote more sustainable supply chain management, improve financial performance, and effectively contribute to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, thereby enhancing sustainability within companies and across supply chains. The study also recommends the need to continue studies in this aspect, especially in the GCC and East Asian countries, to urge companies to disclose the performance of environmental accounting in their financial statements.

United Arab Emirates rapid economic expansion, environmental degradation, particularly CO₂ emissions, has emerged as a pressing challenge. The study explores the dynamic relationship between the utilization of renewable energy sources, CO₂ emissions, environmental policy, and economic growth over the period 2000–2023. Applied to yearly time-series data using Granger causality tests and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, the research identifies both immediate and long-term variations in equilibrium among the variables. The stationary nature of the variables at the first difference or degree was validated by the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test, satisfying ARDL prerequisites. Testing for ARDL boundaries showed considerable long-term cointegration, demonstrating how these variables change in tandem over time. GDP is positively impacted by using renewable energy in a statistically significant way over the long run (coefficient = 0.275) and short term (coefficient ≈ 0.112), according to the data. CO₂ emissions exert a negative influence on long-term economic growth (coefficient ≈ –0.190). Environmental policy contributes positively to growth, reinforcing the role of governance in green transitions. Granger causality analysis further confirms that renewable energy and environmental policy unidirectionally influence GDP, whereas GDP and CO₂ emissions share a bidirectional feedback loop. These results highlight the crucial role of sustainable energy strategies and regulatory frameworks in supporting long-term economic resilience. For policymakers, the study offers actionable insights into how green investments and emission controls can reinforce development goals. Future research should consider sector-level disaggregation and integrate high-frequency or regional comparative datasets to refine policy analysis and advance GCC-wide sustainability efforts.

1. Despite growing global commitments to decarbonization, carbon-intensive development pathways continue to dominate in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). This pe...

In response to the growing environmental concerns and sustainability imperatives in the (GCC) and the world in general, companies are increasingly being urged to integrate environmental accountability into their core strategies and operations by accounting for environmental performance in their financial statements and the impact on supply chains and sustainable development. The problem of the study is to identify the impact of environmental accounting disclosure challenges on supply chains and sustainable development in companies. By taking the experiments of 20 companies and representatives of the study community interested in the topic, and using the heuristic research approach through the questionnaire tool and a set of key variables, including the adoption of disclosure on environmental accounting performance (DEAP), supply chain sustainability performance(SP), Sustainable Development Index(SD), and using the (PLS) program, in the statistical analysis, the study reached the most important results: The study revealed a positive relationship between the disclosure of environmental accounting performance, improved supply chains and sustainable development in the companies represented by the study sample in the (GCC), where both financial performance and environmental performance contribute to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and supply chains. Accordingly, the study recommends many recommendations, the most important of which are: the need for companies to be encouraged to disclose the performance of environmental accounting as a strategic necessity, promote more sustainable supply chain management, improve financial performance, and effectively contribute to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, thereby enhancing sustainability within companies and across supply chains, the study also recommends the need to continue studies in this aspect, especially in the (GCC) and East Asian countries, to urge companies to disclose the performance of environmental accounting in their financial statements.