As the green market becomes increasingly saturated, companies must allocate limited resources to more precise and efficient projects. This study aims to explore and compare the impact of green supplier selection and green supplier integration on environmental performance, with a particular focus on the moderating role of government support. The research was conducted through a survey of 391 Chinese manufacturing firms by a specialized research institution, employing hierarchical regression analysis. The results indicate that both green supplier selection and integration have a positive impact on environmental performance, with green supplier integration having a more significant effect. Moreover, active government support weakens the relationship between green supplier selection and environmental performance but strengthens the relationship between green supplier integration and environmental performance. Given the study’s context, scope, and sample size, certain limitations exist. This research highlights more strategically significant supplier management practices and emphasizes the moderating role of government support in different contexts, while also providing valuable and practical recommendations for relevant practitioners.

Since the beginning of the 21st century, environmental protection and digital supply chains have increasingly garnered attention. As firms transition to green practices, how to achieve competitive advantage by reducing environmental costs has become one of the key concerns for many business managers. This study aims to examine how supplier and customer integration affect a firm’s environmental cost performance while considering the moderating effect of digital transformation. Following a survey conducted by a professional research agency on 800 Chinese manufacturing firms specializing in green products, the research model was tested using structural equation modeling and hierarchical regression analysis. The results indicate a significant positive relationship between both supplier integration and customer integration with a firm’s environmental cost performance. Additionally, positive digital transformation reinforces the relationship between supplier integration and customer integration. However, there are limitations due to the study’s background, scope, and sample size. This study underscores the impact of supplier integration and customer integration on a firm’s environmental cost performance, as well as the crucial moderating role of digital transformation. It contributes to the growing literature on sustainable supply chain management and provides valuable insights for relevant practitioners.