Background: We aimed to evaluate the role of nutrition and behavior education intervention in the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity by comparing changes in obesity-related characteristics among obese children during a follow-up period of 12 months. Methods: This study was designed as a prospective cohort study in children aged between 6 and 18 years, with exogenous obesity who applied to Istanbul Research and Training Hospital, Pediatrics Department, between January 2018 and July 2019. Beginning at the sixth month, a program for nutrition and behavior education for obesity prevention and treatment was initiated and continued during the second half of the study period. Results: The mean age of 59 children (29 females, 30 males) was 11.73 ± 2.78. BMI levels did not show a significant difference in the first 6 months, but decreased significantly during the second 6 months of the study. Screen time, fast eating behavior, overeating behavior and food score index scores also demonstrated significant improvements during the intervention period of the study, between 6 and 12 months. Conclusion: It was concluded that nutrition and behavior education for the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity could be a successful intervention with close follow-up.

Although the exact pathophysiology of critical illness polyneuropathy (CIP) is still unknown, there are several hypotheses, some of which are increased inflammation and oxidative stress. We used rodent sepsis model in which we induced sepsis through cecal ligation followed by cecal puncture. We then administered ascorbic acid (AA) and evaluated outcomes. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukins (IL)-6 in the plasma, and heat shock protein-70 (HSP-70) levels in the sciatic nerve were measured, and also electromyography analyses were performed. While plasma MDA, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels were decreased significantly with AA treatment, sciatic nerve levels of HSP-70 were significantly elevated in the AA group. A significant increase in compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude and a significant decrease in CMAP latency were detected in the AA group. We observed healing effects of AA on a rat model of CIP and these effects seem to be related to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada süt çocuklarında fonksiyonel gastrointestinal hastalıklardan (FGİH) fonksiyonel kabızlık, fonksiyonel ishal ve infantil kolik sıklığı ve bu hastalıkların beslenme alışkanlıkları ile ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya, çocuk sağlığı ve hastalıkları polikliniğine ve acil polikliniğine 15 Şubat 2019 ile 31 Mayıs 2019 tarihleri arasında başvuran 4–24 aylık 400 hasta dahil edildi. Çalışmaya bilinen kronik hastalığı olmayan, D vitamini ve demir profilaksisi dışında vitamin veya iştah arttırıcı ilaç desteği almayan hastalar dahil edildi. Anket form aracılığıyla hastaların sosyo-demografik özellikleri ve beslenme özellikleri sorgulandı. İnfantil kolik, fonksiyonel ishal ve fonksiyonel kabızlık açısından şüpheli bulunan hastalar ROME-IV tanı ölçütlerine göre değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen 400 hastanın %24.2 (n=97)’sinde infantil kolik, %5.8 (n=23)’inde fonksiyonel kabızlık, %2.5 (n=10)’inde fonksiyonel ishal olduğu belirlenmiştir. İnfantil koliği olan ve fonksiyonel kabızlığı olan grupta sezaryen ile doğum oranının fazla olduğu saptandı (sırasıyla, p=0.008, p=0.032). D vitamini profilaksisini düzenli kullanan hastalarda infantil kolik görülme sıklığının daha az olduğu saptanırken (p=0.032), fonksiyonel kabızlığı olanlarda D vitamini kullanımı daha düşük bulundu (p=0.001).Sonuç: Çalışmamızda, infantil kolik süt çocuklarında görülen en sık FGİH olarak bulundu, ikinci sırada ise fonksiyonel kabızlık vardı. Fonksiyonel ishal ve fonksiyonel kabızlık olan hastalarda karbonhidrattan zengin beslenme oranının yüksek olduğu tespit edildi.

Introduction: Although a variety of potential inherited and acquired aetiologies have been defined as a risk factor for ischemic stroke (IS) in paediatric patients, we aimed to revisit the influence of prothrombin G20210A (PT), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T (MTHFR-C677T) and hyperhomocysteinemia on the initial stroke episode. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional survey was conducted between 2003-2004. Paediatric patients who had been admitted and/or followed up with the diagnosis of IS constituted the patient group (Group I). Nineteen children who were followed up in the healthy children policlinics were elected for control group (Group II). Thrombophilic gene mutation analysis was performed through enzymatic polymerase chain reaction. The homocysteine level was quantified through a chemical immunoassay method.Results: There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age [10 (1-18), p=0.98], gender (p=1.0), and ethnicity (p=0.27). The family history of IS that suggested hereditary thrombophilia was significantly higher in Group I (p<0.001). Additionally, it showed a 2,38 times greater risk of ischemic stroke. The rate of neither PT (p=1.0) nor MTHFR-C677T (p=0.19) were considerably higher in group I. While homocysteine level was higher in group I (12,6 versus 7.5 µmol/L, p=0.014), the rate of hyperhomocysteinemia was near-significant (p=0.09). In multi-variate analysis, none of the variables revealed a significant impact on the IS. Conclusions: Limited number of patient count was the major limitation of the current study. The co-existence of clinical and genetic factors seems to be more determinant than that of a genetic mutation per se.Keywords: Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, Prothrombin G20210A thrombophilia, Hyperhomocysteinemia, Cerebral stroke, Hereditary thrombophilia.