As an important space-based intelligence acquisition and combat command receiving component, the low-orbit satellite broadcast signal receiving terminal is an important guarantee for realizing the full-dimensional joint operations of our military’s multi-services. This design is based on the SoC platform. Compared to the traditional low-orbit reconnaissance satellite reception and processing terminal business process, a narrowband anti-interference module is added and the interference-to-signal ratio reaches 57 dB and 47 dB when resisting interference from a single frequency band and three frequency bands, respectively. Digital beamforming is used for signal processing and beamforming gain of the whole machine reaches 14–15 dBic; compared to traditional capture and tracking modules, this terminal uses a time domain parallel frequency domain FFT fast acquisition method and a bit synchronization loop is added to the tracking loop to aiming at the problem that the frequency signal acquisition speed is not fast enough and addressing the issue that information symbol rate is not an integer multiple of the pseudo-code, thus complete bit synchronization within 60 ms, with a bit error rate of 0; the coding gain can reach 7 dB. Combined with the solution of decoding and positioning solution algorithms, this scheme used the JFM7K325T chip to complete the design simulation of the complete receiving and processing terminal.

Compared to analog beamforming, digital beamforming offers better self-calibration and lower sidelobe performance, which has a profound impact on improving low Earth orbit receiver performance. The Digital Beamforming (DBF) module in the low Earth orbit satellite broadcast signal reception terminal can use digital phase shifting to compensate for the phase differences caused by path and spatial distance variations due to inconsistent Radio Frequency (RF) channel delays. This compensation ensures in-phase summation, thereby achieving maximum energy reception in the desired direction. Although DBF has gained widespread attention in the radar field due to its unique functions and advantages, its application is limited by beamforming accuracy and gain. Therefore, with the development of DBF technology, how to improve its accuracy and gain has also attracted extensive attention both domestically and internationally. To address this issue, this paper proposes a beamforming method based on a cap-shaped array for low Earth orbit satellite broadcast signal reception and processing terminals. The method combines prior information and spatial domain search for beam control, and employs a lookup table for beam synthesis. It derives formulas for the Signal-to-Noise Ratio, noise figure, processing flow of the beamforming network, and the determination of beamforming weights for the spherical antenna array. The paper presents a beam control approach that combines prior information with spatial domain search, along with an implementation process for beam synthesis using a lookup table. It also details the corresponding Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) implementation process. Finally, the beamforming algorithm is experimentally validated, and error analysis is conducted. The experimental results show that the measured beamforming sensitivity at all incident angles is below −133 dBm and the G/T values are all greater than −9 dB/K, the beam uniformity at three operating frequencies is less than 3°, and the measured errors in pitch and azimuth angles are both below 2°. The beam pointing error is also below 2°.