In this paper, we present a stochastic drone-scheduling problem where the energy consumption of drones between any two nodes is uncertain. Considering uncertain energy consumption as opposed to deterministic energy consumption can effectively enhance the safety of drone flights. To address this issue, we developed a two-stage stochastic programming model with recourse cost, and we employed a fixed-sample sampling strategy based on Monte Carlo simulation to characterize uncertain variables, followed by the design of an efficient variable neighborhood search algorithm to solve the model. Case study results indicate the superiority of our algorithm over genetic algorithms. Additionally, a comparison between deterministic and stochastic models suggests that considering the uncertainty in energy consumption can significantly enhance the average returns of unmanned aerial vehicle scheduling systems.

Energy-efficient consumption has become a strategic priority to mitigate global climate change and enhance national energy security. While social media has reshaped online consumption behavior, the mechanisms through which these digital platforms influence energy-efficient purchasing remain underexplored. This study extends the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) by integrating price perception variables and applies multi-group structural equation modeling to examine how social media shapes Chinese consumers’ intentions to purchase energy-efficient air conditioning. The results show that (1) social media exposure strengthens energy-efficient purchasing intentions indirectly via behavioral attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control; (2) price perception is negatively associated with purchase intention; and (3) these effects vary by age cohort, gender, and income—Generation Z and female consumers are more susceptible to social media influence, while low-income groups exhibit heightened price sensitivity. These findings advance TPB theory and offer guidance for digital platform policies aimed at promoting energy-efficient consumption.