The use of limestone and agricultural gypsum can promote changes in the costs of a production that can alter its productivity. In this way, the objective was to evaluate the economic viability of the production of soybeans and corn occurred in different doses of limestone with and without combination of surface gypsum. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul at Chapadão do Sul, in a dystrophic Red Latosol, a clayey texture. The design was arranged in randomized blocks in factorial 5 (doses of limestone) x 2 (absence and presence of gypsum) with four replications. Grain yield in corn and soybean was evaluated. Costs were organized following the Effective Operating Cost (COE) and Total Cost (TC) structure. To determine the viability of crops, tables were drawn up and economic indicators were applied: Gross Revenue, Operating Profit, Leveling Point, Equilibrium Price and Profitability Index..The total cost of crops was R$ 2,939.27 and R$ 2,242.85 for soybean and corn, respectively. The cultivation of soybean and corn were economically viable activities for the study region, with the treatment with application of 800 kg ha-1 of limestone, without the presence of gypsum, which showed greater viability for both soybean and for the corn.

A favorable physical environment in the soil is necessary and of fundamental importance for the growth and root development of the sorghum crop, in order to maximize the productivity of the planted crops. In this study we evaluated the physical aspects of the soil in no-tillage system in a sorghum grain area intercropped with Urochloa ruziziensis and Crotalaria spectabilis and the productivity of the crop, in off-season (second crop season), based in a long field experiment. The experimental design was a randomized block design in a 4 x 4 factorial arrangement (four cropping systems: sorghum, sorghum + Urochloa ruziziensis, sorghum + Crotalaria spectabilis, sorghum + Urochloa ruziziensis + Crotalaria spectabilis; four soil depths: 0 - 0.10 m, 0.10 - 0.20 m, 0.20 - 0.30 m, 0.30 - 0.40 m). It was analyzed the productivity and the physical soil attributes that were: Soil Bulk Density (DS), Gravimetric Moisture (GM), Total Porosity (TP), Microporosity (MI), Macroporosity (MA) and Resistance to Root Penetration (RP). The study asserts that intercropping sorghum with Crotalaria spectabilis is a promising strategy to increase productivity. The Sorghum + Urochloa ruziziensis + Crotalaria spectabilis combination significantly improves soil structure by reducing penetration resistance and increasing macroporosity, especially at depths greater than 0.20 m. The inclusion of Urochloa enhances moisture retention, while Crotalaria contributes to greater porosity.

Practices such as liming, whether incorporated or not, can be beneficial for improving the productivity of agricultural crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil physical properties as a function of limestone rates and incorporation methods. The experimental design was strip-based, covering approximately 2.03 ha. The treatments consisted of four limestone rates: rate 1, with 5800 Mg ha⁻¹; rate 2, with 9600 Mg ha⁻¹; rate 3, with 13 400 Mg ha⁻¹; and rate 4, with 17 400 Mg ha⁻¹. These rates were incorporated in three ways: A, using a 36-inch disc harrow; B, using a moldboard plow; and C, using a subsoiler. The evaluated soil physical attributes were soil bulk density, gravimetric moisture, volumetric moisture, total porosity, macroporosity, microporosity, penetration resistance, and water-dispersible clay. The application of increasing limestone rates improved soil physical properties, with the rate of 17 400 Mg ha⁻¹ providing the best results for the variables analyzed, except for soil bulk density. Among the incorporation methods, the use of a subsoiler was effective in enhancing soil physical properties.