The use of green manure plants for soil restoration is a viable agricultural practice that can mitigate soil degradation and biodiversity loss caused by the long-term application of inorganic fertilizers. However, the effects of green manure on soil microbial communities, rice yield, and quality in the karst mountains are largely unknown. The effects of no chemical fertilizer, chemical fertilizer, chemical fertilizer + different Astragalus sinicus L. (Chinese milk vetch, CMV) treatments on the microbial community, soil enzyme activities, soil nutrient content, and crop yield were investigated through field experiments. A moderate application of chemical fertilizer with green manure can increase chlorophyll content, increase effective rice spikes, positive impact on rice yield, and increase crude protein, etc. Additional application of the moderate amount of CMV can increase alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus (a significant increase of 54.87–72.65%), improve microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) (CFMV2 significantly increased by 22.16%), improve soil urease and phosphatase activities, and the urease activity increased by 43.43–69.24% with CMV application compared to CK. Moreover, all bacterial communities were dominated by three major phyla (Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Acidobacteria), where the application of chemical fertilizer with CMV increased the ratio of abundance of Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria in rice soils, and the effect of chemical fertilizer application on the dominant bacteria was regulated to some extent by additional green manure application, which may have a beneficial effect on rice yield. Therefore, we conclude that the rational use of chemical fertilizers with CMV (22,500 kg ha⁻¹) in karst landscapes is one of the effective measures to achieve efficient and sustainable use of rice fields.

During a survey of saprobic fungi, fresh specimens were collected from decaying wood in terrestrial habitats in Guizhou and Hainan provinces, southern China. Two novel species, Helicosporium qixianlingense and H. tongrenense , are introduced based on phylogenetic analyses of a combined dataset (ITS, LSU, tef 1-α, and rpb 2) and morphological evidence. Comprehensive descriptions, illustrations, notes, and phylogenetic analyses supporting the taxonomic placement of these new taxa are provided. These findings are significant for exploring the species diversity of Helicosporium in southern China.

Analysis of impurities in illicit drugs provides key information on the manufacture and distribution of methamphetamine (MA). An analysis of 22 specific target compounds in unlawful MA products was conducted using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The peak area of the alkaloids was utilized as an important calculation data variable to determine the synthesis method. The results demonstrated that the application of target screening techniques for trace impurity components in samples can aid in determining the synthesis process routes for toxin production in 169 samples. These samples were initially categorized based on their synthesis modes, specifically synthesis routes N, E, and R. The correlation analysis of MA samples with known synthetic routes was carried out using principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and the Pearson correlation coefficient method. Among the N and R synthesis routes, 15 and 7 groups with strong correlation were screened, respectively. Consistent with the observed scenario, the samples from the synthetic route E showed limited correlation with each other. The experiment provides a focused framework for the management of synthetic raw materials used for the production of drugs and the investigation of drug-related cases. This facilitates a holistic strategy to combat drug-related crimes, from manufacturing laboratory to end-user.

Coumarin derivatives containing benzene sulfonate were designed and synthesized. Their anti-Xac, anti-Xoc and anti-Psa activities were studied systematically. It was found that these compounds had certain antibacterial activity against all three species of bacteria. Among them, 4-{[(6-nitro-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)amino]methyl}phenyl-3-chloro-2-fluorobenzenesulfonate had the best inhibitory activity against Xoc, with an EC₅₀ value of 52.2 mg/L. The effect of this compound on the morphology and membrane of Xoc was studied by SEM and CM. It was found that this compound can affect the normal growth and development of Xoc.

During a survey of saprobic fungi in karst landscapes of Guizhou Province, China, fresh specimens were collected from decaying wood in terrestrial habitats. Phylogenetic analyses of a combined dataset (ITS, LSU, tef 1-α and rpb 2) along with morphological characteristics support the introduction of two novel species, Camporesiomyces qizhifengensis and C. yusheensis . Detailed descriptions, illustrations and phylogenetic evidence are provided to substantiate their taxonomic placement. Additionally, a checklist of currently accepted Camporesiomyces species supported by molecular data is included. This is the first report of Camporesiomyces in Guizhou, adding to the regional biodiversity of karst habitats and highlighting the ecological importance of these unique environments. The findings underscore the need for continued exploration of fungal diversity in underexplored regions.