We experimentally investigated the soliton collisions between soliton molecules and deuterogenic solitons spontaneously generated on the continuous wave (cw) noise background in an ultrafast erbium‐doped fiber laser mode locked with MoS ₂ saturable absorber (SA). The dynamics of the soliton collisions were observed using the time‐stretch dispersion Fourier transform technique. The noise‐induced deuterogenic solitons first undergo spectral broadening and wavelength shifting, then collide successively with a soliton molecule and eventually vanish. Within the simple collision framework, the spectral‐temporal dynamics of soliton collision would help to unveil the self‐stabilization mechanism of the soliton molecules in consideration of dispersive wave shedding. This nonlinear dynamics is similar to the soliton rain, except that complex condensed soliton phase is substituted with a soliton molecule.

We numerically investigate the dynamic evolution of pulsating solitons based on complex cubic-quintic Ginzburg-Landau equation with gain dynamics effects. We show that an additional soliton can be generated by the disturbance caused by a dispersion wave emitted by a single-period pulsating soliton and these solitons form soliton molecule. More complicated oscillating processes, such as snaking pulsation and double-periodic pulsation are actuated by periodic collision of the entangled solitons. Moreover, the dispersive wave, caused by high gain parameters and the soliton collision, appears periodically which is in sync with the pulsating process. These results are consistent with the recent experiments of soliton pulsations measured by dispersive Fourier transform techniques, and will stimulate further experimental research of the complex multi-soliton bunches in dissipative systems.

The use of a quadrupolar-wound coil of conjoined-tube anti-resonant fiber (CTF) in an interferometric air-core fiber optic gyroscope (FOG) is proposed and demonstrated. The CTF coil has low transmission loss and high modal purity, resulting in a long-term bias stability of 0.016 deg/h for the integration time of 1000 s. Furthermore, when compared to a gyro operated with conventional polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF) coil of the same length and diameter, the conjoined-tube anti-resonant fiber optic gyroscope (CTFOG) has an 11.2-fold reduction in thermal sensitivity, rendering the CTF a promising technological approach to efficiently improve the thermal stability of FOG in the future.

A compact optical fiber magnetic field sensor based on a magnetic-ionic-liquid-functionalized photonic crystal fiber (PCF) has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The magnetic field sensor was fabricated by splicing an index-guiding PCF having one magnetic-ionic-liquid-infiltrated (MIL-infiltrated) air hole in the innermost layer infiltrated with conventional single-mode fibers. The transmission spectral magnetic response of the proposed sensor have been measured and theoretically analyzed. Owing to the effective interaction between the MIL and transmission light as well as the controllable attenuation property of MIL, the magnetic field sensitivity reaches up to -0.01991dB/Oe for a relatively linear magnetic intensity range of 0 Oe to 440 Oe.

The evolution of complex pulse-bunches in a bound-state soliton fiber laser with a MoS2 saturable absorber is observed with increasing pump laser power. The experiment demonstrated that the stable two-soliton bound state with fixed and tight separation was achieved, inducing strong interplay between the two solitons. The fundamental bound-state mode-locking operations were maintained and the pulse train gradually evolved into complex pulse-bunches to balance the accumulated cavity nonlinear effects as the pump power increased. Our results may offer a platform for the commercial development of stable double-pulse laser sources.