Background: The incidence and aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic brought about a drastic change in health professional education around the world. Traditional classrooms made way for online classrooms in order to ensure that learning continued in a safe and secure environment. However, how well health professional students perceived and accepted these changes have not been fully gauged yet. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the perception of health professional students about their new educational climate. Methods: A modified and validated Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire was used to collect data regarding student perception of their educational environment. Results: The mean DREEM scores for three time periods were in the accepted positive range of 101 to 150 indicating that most of the students perceived the changes positively. The results indicated that most students preferred blended learning over online learning or face-to-face learning alone. Areas where students were unsatisfied with their learning environment that need improvement were identified by poor item-wise scores. Conclusion: Strategic remedial measures for these concerns need to be developed to improve the quality of education received by the students. However, the results of our study indicated that most of the students were able to adapt positively to the new education environment due to the change in the circumstances during COVID.

Noise pollution has become an important public health issue, particularly in densely populated urban areas. Emerging evidence suggests that exposure to environmental noise during pregnancy may be associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, including low birth weight, preterm birth, gestational hypertension, and impaired fetal development. This review summarizes current evidence on the effects of environmental noise exposure during pregnancy and discusses major sources such as traffic, industrial activities, and construction work. Potential mechanisms include stress-related hormonal changes, sleep disturbance, and cardiovascular effects that may adversely affect the intrauterine environment. Although growing evidence supports these associations, important gaps remain regarding dose-response relationships, long-term effects on offspring, and the influence of socioeconomic and geographic factors. Greater awareness and further research may help improve reproductive health outcomes and support the development of effective public health policies.

Gluten-related diseases (GRDs), affecting approximately 1–6% of the global population, require long-term adherence to a gluten-free (GF) diet for effective disease management. Food label literacy plays a critical role in ensuring dietary safety; however, consumer attitudes, behaviors, and perceptions regarding GF food labeling remain insufficiently characterized. This study systematically reviewed and synthesized evidence on these factors across different GRDs. A comprehensive search of PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted for studies published between January 2000 and December 2025. Studies evaluating attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors related to GF food labeling among individuals with GRDs were included. A total of 82 studies involving 61,284 participants from 27 countries were included, with 44 studies contributing to the meta-analysis. Consistent GF label reading was reported by 79.2% of participants, while 60.3% expressed confidence in label accuracy. However, 40.9% reported dietary infractions due to misleading labeling. Label reading behavior varied across disease groups and regulatory settings. Key barriers included ambiguous wording, inconsistent cross-contamination disclosures, and lack of standardized symbols. These findings highlight important gaps in labeling practices and emphasize the need for standardized regulations and targeted educational interventions to improve dietary safety and health outcomes.

One of the more aggressive cancers that has the potential to spread to other body parts is renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The most frequent sites of metastasis are the lungs, liver, and bones. Reports of RCC spreading to the skin, especially the scalp, are uncommon. While RCC metastases to the scalp are rare, they should be taken into account because of their poor prognosis and great potential for spreading, thereby reducing life expectancy in humans. Here, we report a patient who was diagnosed with RCC and also had a metastatic scalp lesion.