A total of 27 accessions from tenViciaspecies were investigated for flavonoid contents, total polyphenol contents, and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS [2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline 6-sulfonic acid)] free radical-scavenging activities. The results revealed that NAC17 (V. monantha) and NAC14 (V. hyrcanica) had the highest total flavonoid content (1.42 ± 0.09 mg/g) and total polyphenol content [124.2 ± 0.5 μg/gallic acid equivalents (GAE) mg], respectively. Among four flavonoids, naringenin was detected at high concentrations inViciaspecies. The DPPH and ABTS assays showed values in the range of 57.2 (IC₅₀) (NAC13,V. faba) to 6530.0 (IC₅₀) (NAC24,V. sativasubsp. nigra) and 19.1 μg/Trolox mg (NAC7,V. cracca) to 253.4 μg/Trolox mg (NAC13,V. faba), respectively. Among tenViciaspecies,V. monanthaandV. hyrcanicahad the highest flavonoid content (1.31 ± 0.09 mg/g) and total polyphenol content (116.5 ± 2.0 μg/GAE mg), respectively. The highest antioxidant activity was detected inV. faba. These results will expand the flavonoid database and provide valuable information onViciaspecies for the development of functional foods or feed-additive resources.

Childhood depression is a disorder with negative and long-lasting effects through to adulthood. At present, the Children’s Depression Inventory is the most globally used tool for evaluating depression in a pediatric group, and the Children’s Depression Inventory-2(CDI-2) was developed considering a birth-cohort effect. The current study has two main objectives:(a) to investigate the psychometric properties of the self-rated version of the CDI-2 and(b) to investigate its factorial structure in Korean nonclinical children and adolescent populations. A convenient sample considering age, sex, and area was used. The total sample comprised 1,036 children and adolescents aged 7 to 17 years living in 3 different areas. The psychometric properties of the CDI-2, including internal consistency, interrater reliability, and concurrent validity, were evaluated. Exploratory structural equation modeling(ESEM) analysis was also conducted to determine the internal structure of the CDI-2 for Korean children and adolescents. The gender difference was is significant, and age also affected the total score. The interaction effect of age and sex in the total score is statistically significant. The Korean CDI-2 appeared to have good internal consistency. Correlations among the CDI-2 scores of self-report, parent-report, and teacher-report forms were statistically significant and moderate in size. ESEM analysis demonstrated that a two-factor structure could be a best-fit model for our sample. The sample of the study consisted entirely of non-clinical children and adolescents, and therefore more researches targeting the clinical population are necessary to generalize these results. Future studies could identify a cut-off score or predictive validity.

Female breast cancer is among the most prevalent cancers globally, often metastasizing to the brain. Despite advancements in treatment, brain metastasis incidence is rising, with a poor prognosis. Moreover, limited data exist on how breast cancer subtypes and patient characteristics impact survival. This study aimed to investigate prognostic factors affecting breast cancer patients with brain metastasis. We retrospectively reviewed 131 breast cancer patients with brain metastasis diagnosed at a single institution between 2010 and 2020. Demographic, clinical, pathological, and radiographic variables were analyzed. The median interval between breast cancer diagnosis and brain metastasis was 27 months. Patients diagnosed with a higher stage of breast cancer (median survival: stage 1: 97.2 months, stage 2: 44.4 months, stage 3: 38.1 months, stage 4: 13.0 months, P < .001) and those with ER-negative tumors (median survival: negative 25.3 months, positive 37.5 months, P = .034) had a shorter time between initial diagnosis and brain metastasis. Median survival after brain metastasis was 8.0 months. Multivariate analysis showed that triple-negative breast cancer was correlated to a high risk of death after brain metastasis (hazard ratio = 2.320, P < .001). Higher histological grade, low-performance status, extensive brain metastases, and leptomeningeal seeding was associated with shorter survival. Systemic chemotherapy after brain metastasis was the only treatment that improved survival (hazard ratio = 0.332, P < .001). The study suggests potential benefits of aggressive treatment, especially in nontriple-negative breast cancer subtypes, limited brain metastases, and good overall health. Further research with larger patient populations is needed.

This study aimed to evaluate the potential of metabolic activity of the psoas muscle measured by ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography to predict treatment outcomes in patients with resectable breast cancer. The medical records of 288 patients who had undergone surgical resection for stages I–III invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast between January 2014 and December 2014 in Pusan National University Hospital were reviewed. The standardized uptake values (SUVs) of the bilateral psoas muscle were normalized using the mean SUV of the liver. SUVRmax was calculated as the ratio of the maximum SUV of the average bilateral psoas muscle to the mean SUV of the liver. SUVRmean was calculated as the ratio of the mean SUV of the bilateral psoas muscle to the mean SUV of the liver. Univariate analyses identified a higher T stage, higher N stage, estrogen receptor negativity, progesterone receptor negativity, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positivity, triple-negative breast cancer, mastectomy (rather than breast-conserving surgery), SUVRmean > 0.464, and SUVRmax > 0.565 as significant adverse factors for disease-free survival (DFS). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that N3 stage (hazard ratio [HR] = 5.347, P = 0.031) was an independent factor for recurrence. An SUVRmax > 0.565 (HR = 4.987, P = 0.050) seemed to have a correlation with shorter DFS. A higher SUVRmax of the psoas muscle, which could be a surrogate marker of insulin resistance, showed strong potential as an independent prognostic factor for recurrence in patients with resectable breast cancer.