Previous studies showed a potent anti-inflammatory activity of Solanum tuberosum L. polysaccharide (STP), which inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines and stimulated anti-inflammatory ones in peptic ulcer models. Thus, the main goal of this study was to find out the molecular background of such activity and possible applications in different anti-inflammatory models. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory potential of the polysaccharide STP using model of LPS-induced inflammation in THP-1 macrophage-like cells (on the expression of IL1B, IL6, IL10, TNF, NFKB1, BCL2, NRF2, and BAX—genes involved in the regulation of inflammatory processes and oxidative stress), rat pocket granuloma, and carrageenan-induced oedema models. STP significantly reduced oedema volume, exhibiting a comparable anti-exudative effect to ibuprofen and surpassing the control group. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of STP extends beyond suppression of proinflammatory cytokine (IL1B, IL6, TNF) expression, as it also activates cellular defence mechanisms (NRF2, BCL2, BAX) and expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL10). This complex, multifactorial action suggests that STP may possess significant therapeutic value for inflammatory conditions. The combined functional and molecular findings underscore STP’s potent anti-inflammatory properties, comparable to ibuprofen.

Background/Objectives: Polysaccharides are complex molecules with a wide range of biological activities that can be used in various biomedical applications. In this work, the antiulcer effect and influence on the level of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines of Solanum tuberosum L. polysaccharide (STP) were studied. Methods: The antiulcer effect of STP was studied in the Okabe chronic peptic ulcer model by evaluating the influence of STP on the ulcer index in Wistar rats, comparing it to omeprazole and ranitidine. Dose-effect analysis was also carried out. The level of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines was studied using ELISA kits. Results: After treatment in the polysaccharide groups, ulcer healing is observed in 60–80% of cases, in the omeprazole group in 50%, and in the ranitidine group in 25%. STP intravenous injections lead to the formation of a more differentiated mucous membrane; no coarse scar tissue is formed, which is typical for control and comparison drugs. Glycan causes a significant acceleration of the healing of experimental peptic ulcers in rats. STP appears to modulate pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. On the fourth and tenth days, a significant decrease in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1b and IFN-γ was noted in the polysaccharide group compared to the control group, while the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 significantly increased. Conclusions: Intravenous administration of STP leads to the restoration of functionality and effective tissue regeneration. The antiulcer activity of STP is based on the regulation of the pro- and anti-inflammatory balance.

COVID-19 is a highly contagious respiratory disease with a high number of lethal cases in humans, which causes the need to search for new therapeutic agents. Polysaccharides could be one of the prospective types of molecules with a large variety of biological activities, especially antiviral. The aim of this work was to study the specific antiviral activity of the drug “Immeran” on a model of a new coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2 in hamsters. Based on the second experiment, intraperitoneal treatment with the drug according to a treatment regimen in doses of 500 and 1000 μg/kg (administration after an hour, then once a day every other day, a total of 3 administrations) was effective, reliably suppressing the replication of the virus in the lungs and, at a dose of 1000 μg/kg, prevented weight loss in animals. In all cases, the treatment stimulated the formation of virus-neutralizing antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which suggests that the drug possesses adjuvant properties.

Previous studies have demonstrated that Helianthus tuberosus L. polysaccharide (HTLP) exhibits potent immunomodulating activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying this activity and explore its potential applications in various anti-inflammatory models. We examined the anti-inflammatory potential of HTLP using in vitro and in vivo models. In vitro, we assessed the impact of HTLP on the expression of key inflammatory genes (TNFA, IL1B, IL6, IL12B, IL23, CD40, CD80, CD274, CSF1, and NAMPT) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated THP-1 cells. In vivo, we employed rat pocket granuloma and formalin- and carrageenan-induced oedema models. HTLP significantly reduced oedema volume in the in vivo models. In the carrageenan-induced oedema model, HTLP exhibited efficacy significantly higher than that of ibuprofen, reducing oedema by 76% at 8 h (p < 0.01). In the air pouch granuloma model, HTLP showed comparable anti-inflammatory activity to ibuprofen. In the formalin-induced oedema model, HTLP reduced oedema, demonstrating less efficacy than ibuprofen, with a reduction of 58% versus ibuprofen’s 65% (p < 0.001). The anti-inflammatory mechanism of HTLP involves not only the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression (TNFA, IL1B, IL6, IL12B, IL23, CD40, CD80, CD274, and CSF1) but also the activation of cell survival and cellular defence mechanisms (NAMPT) and the upregulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL10). The observed biological activity of HTLP suggests its potential as a valuable therapeutic agent for inflammatory conditions. The combination of functional and molecular evidence demonstrates HTLP’s potent anti-inflammatory properties across multiple models, with efficacy approaching or exceeding that of ibuprofen in certain models. However, further studies are necessary to fully elucidate its mechanism of action and to evaluate its long-term efficacy and safety.