Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is a class of anticoagulant drugs derived from the controlled depolymerization of heparin. LMWH possesses a lower molecular weight and a shorter glycan chain length than unfractionated heparin (UFH), resulting in higher bioavailability, a more predictable pharmacokinetic profile, and consequently, a more convenient administration route. These characteristics make LMWH a primary choice for thromboprophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis. LMWH is clinically indicated for the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolic diseases. Its role in obstetric complications, inflammation modulation, and antitumor therapy is also increasingly being recognized. The objective of this review was to systematically summarize the progress of LMWH research and to thoroughly explore its mechanisms of action and clinical indications. By analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of LMWH, evaluating its safety and adverse reactions, discussing the challenges in its clinical application, and proposing future research directions, in this review, we aim to promote the application and development of LMWH in a broader range of fields.

Background: Magnesium oxychloride cement has good mechanical properties, but poor water resistance. Methods: Phytic acid, which can form chelate with Mg ²⁺ , was used to modify magnesium oxychloride cement, and the effects of phytic acid on the strength, in vitro degradation and biological activity of magnesium oxychloride cement were studied. Based on the preparation of phytic acid modified magnesium oxychloride cement with good water resistance and biological activity, osteoporosis treatment strontium ranelate was loaded on phytic acid- magnesium oxychloride cement, strontium ranelate/phytic acid-magnesium oxychloride cement was prepared. Results: It was found that the compressive strength of 1.25 wt% phytic acid-magnesium oxychloride cement after soaking in SBF for 28 d could reach 40.5 ± 2.0 MPa, 13.33% higher than that of the control group (when phytic acid was 0 wt%), and the mass loss rate of all ages was lower than that of the control group. The water resistance of magnesium oxychloride cement was effectively improved by phytic acid. After loading with strontium ranelate, the water resistance of 1.25 wt% phytic acid-magnesium oxychloride cement was improved. Cell experiments showed that strontium ranelate could effectively promote cell proliferation and improve the expression of osteoblast-related proteins. When strontium ranelate/phytic acid-magnesium oxychloride cement samples were implanted subcutaneously in rats for 4 w, no obvious inflammatory response was observed, and the material was tightly bound to the surrounding tissues. When bone cement was implanted into rat femur for 4 w, the bone cement was gradually wrapped and absorbed by new bone tissue, which grew from the outside to the inside, indicating that the bone cement containing strontium ranelate/phytic acid-magnesium oxychloride cement had excellent bone-forming ability. Conclusions: In conclusion, the results indicated that strontium ranelate/phytic acid-magnesium oxychloride cement composite bone cement had a potential application prospect in clinical bone repair. Graphical

The trajectories of systolic blood pressure (SBP) in a screening population in Jiaozuo were examined, and the association between the different types of SBP trajectories and the risk of stroke was evaluated. Data of a fixed cohort population from the Jiaozuo Stroke Prevention and Control Project Management Special Database System that underwent community screening in 2015, 2017, 2019, and 2021 were collected. Ultimately, a total of 1,451 participants who met the inclusion criteria for this study were included in the analysis, which was performed using group trajectory modeling. The baseline SBP for each trajectory subgroup was characterized at follow-up. Kaplan–Meier analysis for each trajectory group was also performed, and the relationship between the SBP trajectory and risk of stroke onset during follow-up was validated using a Cox proportional hazards model. Based on the SBP from 2015 to 2021, this cohort population was divided into three groups based on the trajectory development patterns: the low-stable group (37.6%), the moderate-increasing group (53.4%), and the high-acutely increasing group (9%). Gender, age, body mass index, diastolic blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose level were predictive factors for the SBP trajectory group. The cumulative survival risk in the high-acutely increasing group was higher than that of the other two groups. After adjusting for potential confounding factors and using the low-stable group as a reference, the hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for the risk of stroke onset in the moderate-increasing and high-acutely increasing groups were 1.38 (0.91–2.07) and 1.51 (0.82–2.76), respectively. The results of the analysis demonstrate that higher blood pressure trajectories are associated with a higher risk of stroke and that the risk of stroke can be reduced by better control and management of the SBP.

Stroke is the first leading cause of mortality in China with annual 2 million deaths. According to the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, the annual in-hospital costs for the stroke patients in China reach ¥20.71 billion. Moreover, multivariate stepwise linear regression is a prevalent big data analysis tool employing the statistical significance to determine the explanatory variables. In light of this fact, this paper aims to analyze the pertinent influence factors of diagnosis related groups- (DRGs-) based stroke patients on the in-hospital costs in Jiaozuo city of Henan province, China, to provide the theoretical guidance for medical payment and medical resource allocation in Jiaozuo city of Henan province, China. All medical data records of 3,590 stroke patients were from the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2019, which is a Class A tertiary comprehensive hospital in Jiaozuo city. By using the classical statistical and multivariate linear regression analysis of big data related algorithms, this study is conducted to investigate the influence factors of the stroke patients on in-hospital costs, such as age, gender, length of stay (LoS), and outcomes. The essential findings of this paper are shown as follows: (1) age, LoS, and outcomes have significant effects on the in-hospital costs of stroke patients; (2) gender is not a statistically significant influence factor on the in-hospital costs of the stroke patients; (3) DRGs classification of the stroke patients manifests not only a reduced mean LoS but also a peculiar shape of the distribution of LoS.

Strontium is a kind of element which can promote the increase of bone density and benefit the growth of bone tissue. This study combined strontium hydroxyapatite (Sr-HAp) with magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) to prepare a bioactive material with good osteogenic activity and degradability. The results revealed that the incorporation of 10 wt.% Sr-HAp densified the structure of MOC, slowed down the degradation rate of hydration product phase 5 in water, and enhanced the water resistance of MOC. After soaking for 28 days, the compressive strength of Sr-HAp/MOC decreased by 53%, which was lower than that of MOC (93%) and HAp/MOC (61%) without adding Sr-HAp. During the degradation process in vitro, Sr-HAp/MOC continuously released Sr²⁺ and the cumulative concentration of Sr²⁺ released in vitro after seven days of immersion was 1.27 ± 0.15 ppm. When Sr-HAp/MOC was soaking in simulated body fluid, Sr-HAp induced the growth and deposition of bone-like component hydroxyapatite crystals on MOC’s surface, improving MOC’s bioactivity. After implantation of femur defect in rats, the new bone tissue grew from outside to inside around Sr-HAp/MOC, which showed Sr-HAp/MOC had better osteogenic activity. MOC was containing 10 wt.% Sr-HAp can not only provide strong support for bone defects but also have the potential to promote bone regeneration.