Abiotic stresses, including drought, salinity, extreme temperatures and nutrient deficiencies, pose significant challenges to crop production and global food security. To combat these challenges, the integration of bioinformatics educational tools and AI applications provide a synergistic approach to identify and analyze stress-responsive genes, regulatory networks and molecular markers associated with stress tolerance. Bioinformatics educational tools offer a robust framework for data collection, storage and initial analysis, while AI applications enhance pattern recognition, predictive modeling and real-time data processing capabilities. This review uniquely integrates bioinformatics educational tools and AI applications, highlighting their combined role in managing abiotic stress in plants and crops. The novelty is demonstrated by the integration of multiomics data with AI algorithms, providing deeper insights into stress response pathways, biomarker discovery and pattern recognition. Key AI applications include predictive modeling of stress resistance genes, gene regulatory network inference, omics data integration and real-time plant monitoring through the fusion of remote sensing and AI-assisted phenomics. Challenges such as handling big omics data, model interpretability, overfitting and experimental validation remain there, but future prospects involve developing user-friendly bioinformatics educational platforms, establishing common data standards, interdisciplinary collaboration and harnessing AI for real-time stress mitigation strategies in plants and crops. Educational initiatives, interdisciplinary collaborations and trainings are essential to equip the next generation of researchers with the required skills to utilize these advanced tools effectively. The convergence of bioinformatics and AI holds vast prospects for accelerating the development of stress-resilient plants and crops, optimizing agricultural practices and ensuring global food security under increasing environmental pressures. Moreover, this integrated approach is crucial for advancing sustainable agriculture and ensuring global food security amidst growing environmental challenges.

Investors and governments have drawn attention to company governance due to the 2007 financial crash. This study aims to determine the impact of board characteristics, i.e. women on the board, busy directors, blockholder ownership, and director qualification on firm financial performance based on evidence from Pakistan. Former research on the impact of board features on company financial performance is built on contradictory theoretical viewpoints and factual results, which are primarily built on regression and are equivocal. Based on the con- figurational analysis, this study clarifies previously ambiguous findings concerning the link between keyboard attributes and business financial success. This research draws upon theories, including resource dependence and agency theory. The study utilized fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis to examine a sample of 60 non-financial companies listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). Data referred to the pre-crisis period. Findings have shown that different combinations of board attributes can significantly impact a firm profitability, i.e. return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). Practical implications spotlight the policymakers need to evaluate corporations current level of regulatory and competitive development to plan strategy accordingly. It emphasises unique governance solutions for the non-financial sector.

Purpose: This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of current research, shedding light on the relationship between sustainable practices and attaining sustainable development goals. Methodology: Employing the PRISMA statement as the methodological framework and utilising VOS-Viewer software for bibliometric analysis, we conducted a thorough search across academic databases, particularly Scopus, using various keyword combinations. Among the 2,574 records identified, we selected 209 relevant studies published between 2020 and 2023 for systematic analysis. Findings: The results highlight a growing body of literature recognising the role of sustainable practices in advancing sustainable development goals. Notably, the United Kingdom emerges as the most collaborative country regarding research output and link strength. Most research was conducted in developed countries, constituting 76.87%. Implications: Additionally, the review identifies barriers and challenges that impede the seamless integration of sustainable practices with sustainable development objectives. This review aims to inform policymakers, researchers, and practitioners about the current state of knowledge in this field while identifying avenues for further research and potential policy measures.

This article presents the systematic literature review of 91 published research papers on the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on share price between 2014 and 2019. The results indicate that the interest in the topic of CSR and its affect on firm value in terms of share price has significantly grown throughout this period. The findings show that the literature can be categorized based on three main methods of the studies: whether the paper seeks to focus on exploratory research (Qualitative); whether they seek to emphasize the objective measurement by performing mathematical, statistical or numerical analysis of data gathered (Quantitative); or articles that seek to draw conclusions from previously published studies (Review). This article attempts to cover the systematic review and bibliometric analysis by presenting findings through analysis on selected articles, which highlight some possible gaps and opportunities in the literature along with a scope of directions for future research.

Purpose: This research intends to explore the impact of board attributes on the performance of non-financial listed firms in Pakistan and how ownership structure plays a moderating role in shaping this link. This research posits that institutional shareholders possess motivations to enhance board governance due to their advanced financial knowledge and managerial expertise. Methodology: Four attributes of the board (board size, women on board, board independence, and board busyness) were studied to see the impact. The firm performance was measured using Tobin Q. The present study employs 80 non-financial listed firms in its sample, and the multiple regression approach was used to inspect a 12-year panel dataset. Findings: The results discovered that board size has a positive and significant influence on the performance of companies. However, board independence and women on board have a significant negative effect on firm performance. Moreover, the outcomes of this study indicate that the ownership structure acts as a moderator, influencing the correlation between board attributes (board size and board busyness) with non-financial listed firms’ performance in Pakistan. Implications: The current study provides useful insight into this relationship to the policymakers, government, researchers, and other stakeholders. Therefore, based on this study's findings, non-financial firms listed in Pakistan should consider adopting institutional shareholding as a strategy to strengthen their capacity to secure long-term financing to support their growth initiatives.

This systematic literature review provides an in-depth exploration of digital transformation in commercial banking, with a focused emphasis on Scopus-indexed research articles. Employing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology, our investigation methodically navigated the extensive database to meticulously curate a final selection of 56 published articles composed in the English language. Through exacting screening processes and innovative data visualization techniques facilitated by VOS viewer, this systematic review aspired to delineate and showcase the thematic evolution within the literature on digital transformation in commercial banks. This review provides insights into the notable effects of emerging technologies like blockchain, artificial intelligence, and big data on how traditional banking practices, customer interactions, and risk evaluation are evolving, based on a detailed examination of 56 scholarly articles from the years 2019 to 2024. The analysis highlights the drivers of digital transformation, including evolving customer expectations, competition from FinTechs, regulatory mandates, and cost efficiency. The review underscores the prominence of journal-based research, with a focus on sustainability and finance-oriented themes, while identifying key geographical contributions and emerging topics like financial inclusion, innovation, and FinTech. This study offers a comprehensive synthesis of existing knowledge, providing a robust foundation for future research in digital transformation within commercial banking. This study stands as a valuable resource for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers alike who are keenly interested in the dynamic and evolving field of digitalization in retail banking.