Aging, as a phenomenon of profound social significance, has important repercussions. In this work, which focuses on Spain, aging and population structure indicators are analyzed. This basis for demographic analysis becomes useful later in preparing a sociological essay on the most pressing challenges facing Spanish society concerning population aging. The methodology used, as is usual within the framework of the social sciences, involves a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches. Specifically, from an eminently quantitative perspective, the important methodological shift of the 2021 Population and Housing Census is considered. It is also considered how the Statistics on Migrations and Changes of Residence emerge with the intention of measuring the migratory phenomenon between two consecutive censuses, as this phenomenon is also of great social significance in our country. The work culminates with a brief sociological interpretation of the challenges facing Spanish society as a consequence of the population dynamics studied.

El objetivo de este trabajo es evidenciar la labor de la economía social (y, específicamente, de las empresas de teleasistencia) como modelo económico transformador y resiliente, para las áreas de España demográficamente deprimidas. Se adoptó una metodología híbrida, como viene siendo habitual en el campo de las ciencias sociales, cuantitativa y cualitativa. Los resultados principales se presentan a modo de estudios de caso, apoyándonos en una metodología específica de la geografía del territorio, los mapas georreferenciados. Estos mapas de usos del suelo permitieron establecer resultados a nivel demográfico y de análisis territorial. De los casos analizados es especialmente significativo el modelo hub, como empresa urbana, que da servicios al territorio rural que no puede autogestionarse. Se trata, en concreto, de un uso habitual en Galicia, CCAA que tiene una gran dispersión poblacional a nivel de España. De los estudios de caso se concluye 1) que el déficit de conectividad en muchas áreas despobladas genera grandes brechas territoriales y 2) el modelo hub urbano puede ser una solución efectiva y transformadora para la asistencia en el rural profundo.

Ageing, as a phenomenon of profound social significance, has important repercussions. In this work, focused on Spain, the indicators of ageing and population structure are analyzed. This base for demographic analysis is later useful for preparing a sociological essay on the most pressing challenges facing Spanish society, with regard to population ageing. The methodology used, as is usual in the framework of the Social Sciences, involves a combination of the quantitative and qualitative approach. Specifically, from the eminently quantitative perspective, the important methodological shift of the 2021 Population and Housing Census has been taken into account. It also considers how the Statistics on Migrations and Changes of Residence emerge with the aim of measuring the migratory phenomenon between two consecutive censuses, a phenomenon, also, of great social significance in our country. The work culminates with a brief sociological interpretation of the challenges facing Spanish society, as a consequence of the population dynamics studied.