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The stationary supercapacitor energy storage systems (SCESSs) is one of effective approaches for the utilization of train's regenerative braking energy in urban rail systems. In this paper, the capacity configuration of SCESSs, the no-load voltage of substation, the control of onboard braking resistors and train operation diagrams are considered comprehensively. Based on the equivalent circuit model, the effects of traction power system parameters on the energy transmission between powering trains, braking trains and SCESSs are analyzed, and the relationships between the train operating parameters and system energy consumptions are revealed. A multi-variable synthetic optimization method is proposed to optimize the SCESS capacity, train operation diagrams and traction power system parameters collaboratively. In order to reduce the search space and improve the efficiency of the optimization algorithm, a hierarchical multi-objective optimization model is established, based on which the design variables and the control variables are optimized iteratively. And as the traffic density has a great impact on the regenerative braking energy distribution of the system, the optimization objective function fully considers the frequency distribution of headways throughout the day. Combined the Elitist Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) optimization algorithm with the traction power flow simulator, the flowchart of the two-stage optimization algorithm is designed, and the pareto set of the multi-objective problem is obtained. The advantages of reducing system energy consumptions and configuration cost under the proposed algorithm are verified based on case studies of Beijing Batong Line.
Feiqin Zhu; Zhongping Yang; Ziwei Zhao; Fei Lin. Two-stage Synthetic Optimization of Supercapacitor-based Energy storage Systems, Traction Power Parameters and Train Operation in Urban Rail Transit. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 2021, PP, 1 -1.
AMA StyleFeiqin Zhu, Zhongping Yang, Ziwei Zhao, Fei Lin. Two-stage Synthetic Optimization of Supercapacitor-based Energy storage Systems, Traction Power Parameters and Train Operation in Urban Rail Transit. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. 2021; PP (99):1-1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFeiqin Zhu; Zhongping Yang; Ziwei Zhao; Fei Lin. 2021. "Two-stage Synthetic Optimization of Supercapacitor-based Energy storage Systems, Traction Power Parameters and Train Operation in Urban Rail Transit." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology PP, no. 99: 1-1.
Owing to manufacturing defects and aging, compensation capacitors are inevitably prone to errors, leading to the performance deprecation in a wireless power transfer (WPT) system. This paper focuses on the sensitivity analysis of system characteristics to capacitor errors and design methods to improve detuning tolerance. First, the output voltage, power factor, transfer efficiency, and capacitor voltages are derived for LCC-S compensated WPT systems. The worst-case scenarios (i.e., the maximum and minimum values of these indicators) are used to evaluate the effect of capacitor errors. They are calculated under detuned conditions with different inverter quality factors, load quality factors, and the ratios of the primary coils self-inductance to the compensation inductance. Then, the design constraints are summarized to meet the system requirements considering 10% capacitor errors. A simplified and easy-to-follow system design process is proposed and a 22-kW wireless charger for an electric bus is designed. Experimental results show that, compared with the traditional design, the change ratio of the output voltage of the proposed design is reduced from between -40.9% and 13.1% to between -21.5% and 12.4%. The lowest power factor is increased from 0.64 to 0.78, and the maximum drop in transfer efficiency is reduced from 9.9% to 5.9%.
Yi Wang; Zhongping Yang; Fei Lin. Design and Implementation of Wireless Power Transfer Systems with Improved Capacitor Error Tolerance. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 2021, PP, 1 -1.
AMA StyleYi Wang, Zhongping Yang, Fei Lin. Design and Implementation of Wireless Power Transfer Systems with Improved Capacitor Error Tolerance. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 2021; PP (99):1-1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYi Wang; Zhongping Yang; Fei Lin. 2021. "Design and Implementation of Wireless Power Transfer Systems with Improved Capacitor Error Tolerance." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics PP, no. 99: 1-1.
In the applications of rail transit and electric vehicles, sensorless control of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) usually uses high frequency (HF) signal injection in low speed or zero speed. Rotating HF signal injection based on the stationary reference frame can identify the rotor position, but its accuracy is easily affected by various nonlinearities of the control system and stator resistance. In this paper, the causes of rotor position estimation deviation are analyzed and deduced in detail. It is proposed that the rotor position estimation deviation can be divided into high frequency phase deviation (HFPD) and stator resistance phase deviation. On the basis of these analyses, a novel sensorless rotor position estimation strategy for IPMSM is proposed. This strategy can theoretically eliminate the HF phase deviation caused by the nonlinearity of the control system and reduce the phase deviation caused by the stator resistance. Although the factors that cause the estimation deviation of rotor position may change with the time and the operation status of the motor, the proposed strategy has the characteristics of online calculation and real-time compensation, which can improve the accuracy of the estimated rotor position. In addition, this paper provides a detailed theoretical derivation of resolving rotor position considering stator resistance and HF phase deviation. Finally, the result analysis on an IPMSM demonstrate the correctness of the theoretical analysis and the effectiveness of the strategy.
Lei Guo; Zhongping Yang; Fei Lin. A Novel Strategy for Sensorless Control of IPMSM with Error Compensation Based on Rotating High Frequency Carrier Signal Injection. Energies 2020, 13, 1919 .
AMA StyleLei Guo, Zhongping Yang, Fei Lin. A Novel Strategy for Sensorless Control of IPMSM with Error Compensation Based on Rotating High Frequency Carrier Signal Injection. Energies. 2020; 13 (8):1919.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLei Guo; Zhongping Yang; Fei Lin. 2020. "A Novel Strategy for Sensorless Control of IPMSM with Error Compensation Based on Rotating High Frequency Carrier Signal Injection." Energies 13, no. 8: 1919.
In this paper, an adhesion control strategy based on the wheel-rail adhesion state observation is proposed for high-speed trains. First, the high-speed train single axle dynamics model is established. Then, a modified adhesion control method is proposed. The scheme observes the tangential force coefficient between wheel and rail through full dimension observer and forecasts the slope of the adhesion-slip curve by the recursive least squares method with forgetting factor. Meanwhile, a feasibility analysis of the method and the control parameters tuning is conducted. Afterwards, the experimental study of the proposed adhesion control is carried out based on a 5.5 kW induction motor drag platform using dSPACE simulation technology. The experimental results confirm the feasibility of the adhesion control method proposed in this paper. Using the proposed adhesion control method can achieve high wheel-rail adhesion performance under variable complex road conditions.
Xiaochun Fang; Shuai Lin; Zhongping Yang; Fei Lin; Hu Sun; Liang Hu. Adhesion Control Strategy Based on the Wheel-Rail Adhesion State Observation for High-Speed Trains. Electronics 2018, 7, 70 .
AMA StyleXiaochun Fang, Shuai Lin, Zhongping Yang, Fei Lin, Hu Sun, Liang Hu. Adhesion Control Strategy Based on the Wheel-Rail Adhesion State Observation for High-Speed Trains. Electronics. 2018; 7 (5):70.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaochun Fang; Shuai Lin; Zhongping Yang; Fei Lin; Hu Sun; Liang Hu. 2018. "Adhesion Control Strategy Based on the Wheel-Rail Adhesion State Observation for High-Speed Trains." Electronics 7, no. 5: 70.
In order to design a well-performing hybrid storage system for trams, optimization of energy management strategy (EMS) and sizing is crucial. This paper proposes an improved EMS with energy interaction between the battery and supercapacitor and makes collaborative optimization on both sizing and EMS parameters to obtain the best working performance of the hybrid storage system. This paper demonstrates the whole process of the improvement of the EMS, the traction calculation, the parameter optimization, and the sizing optimization based on real tram and line conditions. The improved strategy is proven to be superior as it guarantees normal operation and avoids shutdown conditions when the supercapacitor is at a low voltage. Furthermore, the optimized sizing result largely decreases the weight of the storage system and obtains a long battery lifespan.
Yu Wang; Zhongping Yang; Feng Li. Optimization of Energy Management Strategy and Sizing in Hybrid Storage System for Tram. Energies 2018, 11, 752 .
AMA StyleYu Wang, Zhongping Yang, Feng Li. Optimization of Energy Management Strategy and Sizing in Hybrid Storage System for Tram. Energies. 2018; 11 (4):752.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu Wang; Zhongping Yang; Feng Li. 2018. "Optimization of Energy Management Strategy and Sizing in Hybrid Storage System for Tram." Energies 11, no. 4: 752.
In this study, in order to determine the reasonable accuracy of the compensation capacitances satisfying the requirements on the output characteristics for a wireless power transfer (WPT) system, taking the series-series (SS) compensation structure as an example, the calculation formulas of the output characteristics, such as the power factor, output power, coil transfer efficiency, and capacitors’ voltage stress, are given under the condition of incomplete compensation according to circuit theory. The influence of compensation capacitance errors on the output characteristics of the system is then analyzed. The Taylor expansions of the theoretical formulas are carried out to simplify the formulas. The influence degrees of compensation capacitance errors on the output characteristics are calculated according to the simplified formulas. The reasonable error ranges of the compensation capacitances are then determined according to the requirements of the output characteristics of the system in the system design. Finally, the validity of the theoretical analysis and the simplified processing is verified through experiments. The proposed method has a certain guiding role for practical engineering design, especially in mass production.
Yi Wang; Fei Lin; Zhongping Yang; Zhiyuan Liu. Analysis of the Influence of Compensation Capacitance Errors of a Wireless Power Transfer System with SS Topology. Energies 2017, 10, 2177 .
AMA StyleYi Wang, Fei Lin, Zhongping Yang, Zhiyuan Liu. Analysis of the Influence of Compensation Capacitance Errors of a Wireless Power Transfer System with SS Topology. Energies. 2017; 10 (12):2177.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYi Wang; Fei Lin; Zhongping Yang; Zhiyuan Liu. 2017. "Analysis of the Influence of Compensation Capacitance Errors of a Wireless Power Transfer System with SS Topology." Energies 10, no. 12: 2177.
Currently, the auxiliary converter in the auxiliary power supply system of a modern tram adopts Si IGBT as its switching device and with the 1700 V/225 A SiC MOSFET module commercially available from Cree, an auxiliary converter using all SiC devices is now possible. A SiC auxiliary converter prototype is developed during this study. The author(s) derive the loss calculation formula of the SiC auxiliary converter according to the system topology and principle and each part loss in this system can be calculated based on the device datasheet. Then, the static and dynamic characteristics of the SiC MOSFET module used in the system are tested, which aids in fully understanding the performance of the SiC devices and provides data support for the establishment of the PLECS loss simulation model. Additionally, according to the actual circuit parameters, the PLECS loss simulation model is set up. This simulation model can simulate the actual operating conditions of the auxiliary converter system and calculate the loss of each switching device. Finally, the loss of the SiC auxiliary converter prototype is measured and through comparison it is found that the loss calculation theory and PLECS loss simulation model is valuable. Furthermore, the thermal images of the system can prove the conclusion about loss distribution to some extent. Moreover, these two methods have the advantages of less variables and fast calculation for high power applications. The loss models may aid in optimizing the switching frequency and improving the efficiency of the system.
Hao Liu; Xianjin Huang; Fei Lin; Zhongping Yang. Loss Model and Efficiency Analysis of Tram Auxiliary Converter Based on a SiC Device. Energies 2017, 10, 2018 .
AMA StyleHao Liu, Xianjin Huang, Fei Lin, Zhongping Yang. Loss Model and Efficiency Analysis of Tram Auxiliary Converter Based on a SiC Device. Energies. 2017; 10 (12):2018.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHao Liu; Xianjin Huang; Fei Lin; Zhongping Yang. 2017. "Loss Model and Efficiency Analysis of Tram Auxiliary Converter Based on a SiC Device." Energies 10, no. 12: 2018.
Pulse width modulation (PWM) technology is widely used in traction converters for high-speed railways. The harmonic distribution caused by PWM is quite extensive, and increases the possibility of grid–train coupling resonance in the traction power supply system (TPSS). This paper first analyzes the mechanism of resonance, when the characteristic harmonic frequency of a four-quadrant converter (4QC) current that injects into the traction grid matches the resonant frequency of the traction grid, which may result in resonance in the system. To suppress resonance, this paper adopts specific harmonic elimination–pulse width modulation (SHE-PWM) technology combined with a transient direct current control strategy to eliminate the harmonics in the resonant frequency, which may suppress the grid–train coupling resonance. Due to the fact that the SHE-PWM process with multiple switching angles contains complex transcendental equations, the initial value is difficult to provide, and is difficult to solve using ordinary iterative algorithms. In this paper, an active-set secondary optimization method is used to solve the equation. The algorithm has the benefits of low dependence on initial values, fast convergence and high solution accuracy. Finally, the feasibility of the resonant suppression algorithm is verified by means of Matlab simulation.
Runze Zhang; Fei Lin; Zhongping Yang; Hu Cao; Yuping Liu. A Harmonic Resonance Suppression Strategy for a High-Speed Railway Traction Power Supply System with a SHE-PWM Four-Quadrant Converter Based on Active-Set Secondary Optimization. Energies 2017, 10, 1567 .
AMA StyleRunze Zhang, Fei Lin, Zhongping Yang, Hu Cao, Yuping Liu. A Harmonic Resonance Suppression Strategy for a High-Speed Railway Traction Power Supply System with a SHE-PWM Four-Quadrant Converter Based on Active-Set Secondary Optimization. Energies. 2017; 10 (10):1567.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRunze Zhang; Fei Lin; Zhongping Yang; Hu Cao; Yuping Liu. 2017. "A Harmonic Resonance Suppression Strategy for a High-Speed Railway Traction Power Supply System with a SHE-PWM Four-Quadrant Converter Based on Active-Set Secondary Optimization." Energies 10, no. 10: 1567.
The use of supercapacitors (SCs) to store regenerative braking energy from urban rail trains is able to achieve a good energy saving effect. This paper analyzes the current balance method of stationary energy storage devices (ESDs). At the beginning of the paper, the mathematical model of the DC traction power system, which includes trains, ESDs and traction substations, is established. Next, based on this, the SC state-based control strategy (SCSCS) is proposed, which can adjust the charging voltage of the ESD according to the SC voltage and current, then the charging current of the ESD can be reasonably distributed under the voltage difference of ESDs, and the SC voltage and current stress can be reduced. In order to determine the optimal controlling parameters, the optimization model is proposed and solved by the genetic algorithm. The analysis of the case study also shows the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy and optimization algorithm. Finally, the rationality of the proposed strategy is verified by experiments.
Zhongping Yang; Zhihong Yang; Huan Xia; Fei Lin; Feiqin Zhu. Supercapacitor State Based Control and Optimization for Multiple Energy Storage Devices Considering Current Balance in Urban Rail Transit. Energies 2017, 10, 520 .
AMA StyleZhongping Yang, Zhihong Yang, Huan Xia, Fei Lin, Feiqin Zhu. Supercapacitor State Based Control and Optimization for Multiple Energy Storage Devices Considering Current Balance in Urban Rail Transit. Energies. 2017; 10 (4):520.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhongping Yang; Zhihong Yang; Huan Xia; Fei Lin; Feiqin Zhu. 2017. "Supercapacitor State Based Control and Optimization for Multiple Energy Storage Devices Considering Current Balance in Urban Rail Transit." Energies 10, no. 4: 520.
In the application of rail transit vehicles, when using typical wireless power transfer (WPT) systems with series–series (SS) compensation supply power for supercapacitors, the output current is in an approximately inverse relationship with the duty cycle in a wide range. This renders the typical buck circuit control inappropriate. In order to help resolve the above issues, this paper designs inductor/capacitor/capacitor (LCC) compensation with new compensation parameters, which can achieve an adjustable quasi-constant voltage from the input of the inverter to the output of the rectifier. In addition, the two-port network method is used to analyze the resonant compensation circuit. The analysis shows that LCC compensation is more suitable for the WPT system using the supercapacitor as the energy storage device. In the case of LCC compensation topology combined with the charging characteristics of the supercapacitor, an efficient charging strategy is designed, namely first constant current charging, followed by constant power charging. Based on the analysis of LCC compensation, the system has an optimal load, by which the system works at the maximum efficiency point. Combined with the characteristics of the constant voltage output, the system can maintain high efficiency in the constant power stage by making constant output power the same as the optimal power point. Finally, the above design is verified through experiments.
Yuyu Geng; Bin Li; Zhongping Yang; Fei Lin; Hu Sun. A High Efficiency Charging Strategy for a Supercapacitor Using a Wireless Power Transfer System Based on Inductor/Capacitor/Capacitor (LCC) Compensation Topology. Energies 2017, 10, 135 .
AMA StyleYuyu Geng, Bin Li, Zhongping Yang, Fei Lin, Hu Sun. A High Efficiency Charging Strategy for a Supercapacitor Using a Wireless Power Transfer System Based on Inductor/Capacitor/Capacitor (LCC) Compensation Topology. Energies. 2017; 10 (1):135.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYuyu Geng; Bin Li; Zhongping Yang; Fei Lin; Hu Sun. 2017. "A High Efficiency Charging Strategy for a Supercapacitor Using a Wireless Power Transfer System Based on Inductor/Capacitor/Capacitor (LCC) Compensation Topology." Energies 10, no. 1: 135.
Recuperation of braking energy offers great potential for reducing energy consumption in urban rail transit systems. The present paper develops a new control strategy with variable threshold for wayside energy storage systems (ESSs), which uses the supercapacitor as the energy storage device. First, the paper analyzes the braking curve of the train and the V-I characteristics of the substation. Then, the current-voltage dual-loop control method is used for ESSs. Next, in order to achieve the best energy-saving effect, the paper discusses the selection principle of the charge and discharge threshold. This paper proposes a control strategy for wayside supercapacitors integrated with dynamic threshold adjustment control on the basis of avoiding the onboard braking chopper’s operation. The proposed control strategy is very useful for obtaining good performance, while not wasting any energy in the braking resistor. Therefore, the control strategy has been verified through simulations, and experimental tests, have been implemented on the Batong Line of Beijing subway using the 200 kW wayside supercapacitor energy storage prototype. The experimental results show that the proposed control is capable of saving energy and considerably reducing energy consumption in the braking resistor during train braking.
Fei Lin; Xuyang Li; Yajie Zhao; Zhongping Yang. Control Strategies with Dynamic Threshold Adjustment for Supercapacitor Energy Storage System Considering the Train and Substation Characteristics in Urban Rail Transit. Energies 2016, 9, 257 .
AMA StyleFei Lin, Xuyang Li, Yajie Zhao, Zhongping Yang. Control Strategies with Dynamic Threshold Adjustment for Supercapacitor Energy Storage System Considering the Train and Substation Characteristics in Urban Rail Transit. Energies. 2016; 9 (4):257.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFei Lin; Xuyang Li; Yajie Zhao; Zhongping Yang. 2016. "Control Strategies with Dynamic Threshold Adjustment for Supercapacitor Energy Storage System Considering the Train and Substation Characteristics in Urban Rail Transit." Energies 9, no. 4: 257.
With its large capacity, the total urban rail transit energy consumption is very high; thus, energy saving operations are quite meaningful. The effective use of regenerative braking energy is the mainstream method for improving the efficiency of energy saving. This paper examines the optimization of train dwell time and builds a multiple train operation model for energy conservation of a power supply system. By changing the dwell time, the braking energy can be absorbed and utilized by other traction trains as efficiently as possible. The application of genetic algorithms is proposed for the optimization, based on the current schedule. Next, to validate the correctness and effectiveness of the optimization, a real case is studied. Actual data from the Beijing subway Yizhuang Line are employed to perform the simulation, and the results indicate that the optimization method of the dwell time is effective.
Fei Lin; Shihui Liu; Zhihong Yang; Yingying Zhao; Zhongping Yang; Hu Sun. Multi-Train Energy Saving for Maximum Usage of Regenerative Energy by Dwell Time Optimization in Urban Rail Transit Using Genetic Algorithm. Energies 2016, 9, 208 .
AMA StyleFei Lin, Shihui Liu, Zhihong Yang, Yingying Zhao, Zhongping Yang, Hu Sun. Multi-Train Energy Saving for Maximum Usage of Regenerative Energy by Dwell Time Optimization in Urban Rail Transit Using Genetic Algorithm. Energies. 2016; 9 (3):208.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFei Lin; Shihui Liu; Zhihong Yang; Yingying Zhao; Zhongping Yang; Hu Sun. 2016. "Multi-Train Energy Saving for Maximum Usage of Regenerative Energy by Dwell Time Optimization in Urban Rail Transit Using Genetic Algorithm." Energies 9, no. 3: 208.
The installation of stationary super-capacitor energy storage system (ESS) in metro systems can recycle the vehicle braking energy and improve the pantograph voltage profile. This paper aims to optimize the energy management, location, and size of stationary super-capacitor ESSes simultaneously and obtain the best economic efficiency and voltage profile of metro systems. Firstly, the simulation platform of an urban rail power supply system, which includes trains and super-capacitor energy storage systems, is established. Then, two evaluation functions from the perspectives of economic efficiency and voltage drop compensation are put forward. Ultimately, a novel optimization method that combines genetic algorithms and a simulation platform of urban rail power supply system is proposed, which can obtain the best energy management strategy, location, and size for ESSes simultaneously. With actual parameters of a Chinese metro line applied in the simulation comparison, certain optimal scheme of ESSes’ energy management strategy, location, and size obtained by a novel optimization method can achieve much better performance of metro systems from the perspectives of two evaluation functions. The simulation result shows that with the increase of weight coefficient, the optimal energy management strategy, locations and size of ESSes appear certain regularities, and the best compromise between economic efficiency and voltage drop compensation can be obtained by a novel optimization method, which can provide a valuable reference to subway company.
Huan Xia; Huaixin Chen; Zhongping Yang; Fei Lin; Bin Wang. Optimal Energy Management, Location and Size for Stationary Energy Storage System in a Metro Line Based on Genetic Algorithm. Energies 2015, 8, 11618 -11640.
AMA StyleHuan Xia, Huaixin Chen, Zhongping Yang, Fei Lin, Bin Wang. Optimal Energy Management, Location and Size for Stationary Energy Storage System in a Metro Line Based on Genetic Algorithm. Energies. 2015; 8 (10):11618-11640.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuan Xia; Huaixin Chen; Zhongping Yang; Fei Lin; Bin Wang. 2015. "Optimal Energy Management, Location and Size for Stationary Energy Storage System in a Metro Line Based on Genetic Algorithm." Energies 8, no. 10: 11618-11640.
The application of a stationary ultra-capacitor energy storage system (ESS) in urban rail transit allows for the recuperation of vehicle braking energy for increasing energy savings as well as for a better vehicle voltage profile. This paper aims to obtain the best energy savings and voltage profile by optimizing the location and size of ultra-capacitors. This paper firstly raises the optimization objective functions from the perspectives of energy savings, regenerative braking cancellation and installation cost, respectively. Then, proper mathematical models of the DC (direct current) traction power supply system are established to simulate the electrical load-flow of the traction supply network, and the optimization objections are evaluated in the example of a Chinese metro line. Ultimately, a methodology for optimal ultra-capacitor energy storage system locating and sizing is put forward based on the improved genetic algorithm. The optimized result shows that certain preferable and compromised schemes of ESSs’ location and size can be obtained, acting as a compromise between satisfying better energy savings, voltage profile and lower installation cost.
Bin Wang; Zhongping Yang; Fei Lin; Wei Zhao. An Improved Genetic Algorithm for Optimal Stationary Energy Storage System Locating and Sizing. Energies 2014, 7, 6434 -6458.
AMA StyleBin Wang, Zhongping Yang, Fei Lin, Wei Zhao. An Improved Genetic Algorithm for Optimal Stationary Energy Storage System Locating and Sizing. Energies. 2014; 7 (10):6434-6458.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBin Wang; Zhongping Yang; Fei Lin; Wei Zhao. 2014. "An Improved Genetic Algorithm for Optimal Stationary Energy Storage System Locating and Sizing." Energies 7, no. 10: 6434-6458.
The traction transformer of the traction drive system of a high-speed train is one of the main equipments for energy conversion. The transformer loss will be increased by load harmonics and pantograph arcs at high speed. It is very important to predict losses for the improvement of traction transformer design. In this paper, a dynamic model of the pantograph-catenary system is established using the MSC.Marc software based on the finite element method to analyze disconnection events in different speeds. Then the pantograph arc, traction transformer and four-quadrant converter model is set up. Resistance variations with the change of harmonic frequency have been considered in the calculation formulae of harmonic losses. Traction transformer losses can be calculated based on the harmonic T-equivalent circuit and superposition principle. Considering the harmonic losses variations, the effects of arc voltage on harmonic copper loss and harmonic core loss are analyzed, respectively. The average loss at different disconnection ratios is also calculated. This method could be used to estimate the increment of transformer harmonic losses with poor current conditions at high speed.
Jin Wang; Zhongping Yang; Fei Lin; Junci Cao. Harmonic Loss Analysis of the Traction Transformer of High-Speed Trains Considering Pantograph-OCS Electrical Contact Properties. Energies 2013, 6, 5826 -5846.
AMA StyleJin Wang, Zhongping Yang, Fei Lin, Junci Cao. Harmonic Loss Analysis of the Traction Transformer of High-Speed Trains Considering Pantograph-OCS Electrical Contact Properties. Energies. 2013; 6 (11):5826-5846.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJin Wang; Zhongping Yang; Fei Lin; Junci Cao. 2013. "Harmonic Loss Analysis of the Traction Transformer of High-Speed Trains Considering Pantograph-OCS Electrical Contact Properties." Energies 6, no. 11: 5826-5846.