Amino acid transporters mediate amino acid transport within and between cells and are the main mediators of nitrogen distribution in plants, which is crucial for maintaining plant growth and development. Many amino acid transporters have been identified in different plant species. In this review, we discuss the functions of amino acid transporters in plant absorption and amino acid transportation from root to shoot, which results in crop yield and quality improvement. Moreover, we summarize the role of amino acid transporters in response to environmental stimuli and the influence of N and C metabolic processes. We also elaborate on potential future research directions.