Background: The relationship between maternal body compositions and birth weight was not definite. Fat Mass (FM) and Fat Free Mass (FFM) can accurately reflect the maternal body fat compositions and have been considered as better predictors of birth weight. Despite its potential role, no studies have been described the maternal compositions during pregnancy in East Asian women previously. We investigated the correlation between birth weight and Maternal body composition including fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM). To determine whether birth weight is associated with maternal body fat FM and FFM during pregnancy and, if so, which trimester and parameter is more critical in determining birth weight. Methods: A longitudinal prospective observational study performed, 348, 481 and 321 non-diabetics Han Chinese women with a singleton live birth attending a routine visit in their first, second and third trimesters were recruited. Maternal body composition was measured using segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. Data of the pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), maternal BMI, the gestational weight gain (GWG), and placental and birth weight were collected. Results: A significant correlation exists between maternal FFM in the process of pregnancy, placental weight, GWG at delivery, and birth weight ( P < 0.05). On stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, material’s FFM was the most important factor associated with the birth weight. After adjustment, there was significantly associated with 2.47-fold increase in risk for birth weight more than 4 kg when FFM ≥ 40.76 kg (Upper quartile of participants). The increased maternal age became a protective factor (OR = 0.69) while the increased pre-pregnancy BMI (OR = 1.50) remained predictors to birth weight more than 4 kg. Conclusions: The change of maternal FFM during pregnancy is independently affected the birth weight.

Gastric cancer is among the most prevalent malignant tumors of the digestive system worldwide. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have achieved substantial advances in the treatment of gastric cancer. By blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 signaling pathways, ICIs enhance antitumor immune responses and offer novel therapeutic options for patients. However, their clinical application continues to face significant challenges, including therapeutic resistance, immune-related adverse events, the lack of reliable biomarkers, and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. This narrative review summarizes recent advances in ICIs-based therapies for gastric cancer, provides an in-depth analysis of existing clinical challenges, and highlights key future research directions, including biomarker discovery, development of predictive models, optimization of combination regimens, targeting of resistance mechanisms, modulation of the tumor-associated microbiota, and improved toxicity management. Moving forward, efforts should focus on advancing immunotherapy toward individualized and precision-based approaches to maximize both efficacy and safety, thereby enabling further optimization and breakthroughs in gastric cancer immunotherapy.

Previous studies have shown that general and central obesity are each linked to adverse outcomes in gastrointestinal cancers. However, their combined effect on gastrointestinal cancers surgery outcomes were less understood. This study aims to integrate both general and central obesity to examine the outcomes of gastric cancer surgery in different obesity patterns. We retrospectively analyzed 248 patients who underwent gastric cancer surgery between 2021 and 2023 in a single institute. The Inbody720 body composition analyzer measured body composition. We evaluated the relationship between obesity patterns – combining BMI with central obesity measures (waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, visceral fat area) – and postoperative complications and 30-day readmission. Central-only obesity were more likely to induce fistula (P = 0.025), while non-obesity was more likely to develop postoperative abdominal effusion (P = 0.049) and bleeding (P = 0.042). Central-only obesity was significantly associated with severe postoperative complications after adjustment for hypertension, diabetes, abdominal surgery history, preoperative albumin levels, age, sex, and surgical types. This remains significant even after adjusting for muscle mass. However, we did not find the same results for significant complications. Regarding 30-day readmission, there are no differences between different patterns of obesity. Central-only obesity is an independent risk factor for severe postoperative complications in gastric cancer, while a high BMI appears to be associated with a lower risk compared to non-obese patients, but not significant postoperative complications. The likelihood of readmission within 30 days post-surgery may not be related to the patient’s pattern of obesity.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of gut microbiota intervention on the therapeutic outcomes in patients with drug-induced liver injury (DILI).Methods: A total of 120 patients with DILI who were hospitalized at the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University from January 2023 to December 2024 were retrospectively enrolled. Patients were divided into an intervention group and a control group based on whether they received gut microbiota intervention therapy. Quantitative data were presented as median and interquartile range, and the Mann–Whitney U test was used for intergroup comparisons. Categorical variables were compared between groups using chi-square tests. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with liver injury severity and to evaluate the effect of gut microbiota intervention.Results: After treatment, GGT, ALP, TBIL, DBIL and IBIL decreased significantly more in the intervention group than in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (p < 0.01). Before treatment, the intervention group had a higher proportion of patients with grade 1 and grade 4 DILI, while the control group had more patients with grade 2 and grade 3 DILI. After treatment, the proportion of grade 1 patients in the intervention group increased significantly, whereas the proportion of grade 4 patients decreased markedly. These changes were statistically significant between the two groups (p < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of liver injury was significantly reduced in the intervention group after treatment (OR = 0.018, p < 0.01). In terms of model prediction accuracy, the prediction rate for moderate liver injury was relatively high (91.0%), whereas the accuracy for acute liver failure and severe liver injury was lower. The overall prediction accuracy of the model was 75.0%. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that post-treatment DILI grade was significantly associated with treatment regimen, TBIL, ALP and GGT (p < 0.01).Conclusion: Probiotic intervention significantly improved cholestasis-related parameters and reduced the severity of liver injury in patients with DILI. This real-world study provides novel clinical evidence supporting microbiota-targeted therapy as a promising adjunctive strategy, particularly for cholestasis-predominant DILI.

Patients with gastric cancer frequently experience malnutrition, weight loss, and sarcopenia from diagnosis through treatment and follow-up. These conditions are not solely attributable to inadequate intake but are closely related to systemic inflammation, metabolic reprogramming, treatment-related toxicities, and altered digestion and absorption after gastrectomy. This review summarizes the theoretical basis, assessment approaches, stage-specific intervention strategies, and current evidence limitations of precision nutrition in gastric cancer. It focuses on nutritional risk screening, diagnosis of malnutrition based on the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria, computed tomography (CT)-based body composition analysis, energy and protein provision, support pathways including oral nutritional supplements, enteral nutrition, and parenteral nutrition, as well as emerging areas such as immunonutrition, microbiota-targeted interventions, AI-assisted body composition analysis, and multi-omics integration. Current evidence suggests that precision nutrition in gastric cancer should remain grounded in standardized nutritional assessment and guideline-recommended supportive strategies. Prospective, multicenter studies are needed to clarify the benefits and scope of nutritional interventions across different nutritional phenotypes.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) with secondary thrombocytosis is a rare clinical case, exhibiting specificity in clinical diagnosis and treatment. We report a case of GIST with secondary thrombocythemia to raise clinicians’ attention to this disease. On October 11, 2024, a 58-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital due to “intermittent right lower abdominal pain with increased bowel movements for more than 1 month.” The patient had no prior history of tumors, chronic inflammatory diseases, hematologic disorders or family history of genetic disorders. MRI-enhanced scans of the small intestine highly indicated a lymphoma of intestinal origin. Small bowel endoscopy and pathological biopsy revealed mild chronic inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, with intact villous architecture, no plasmacytosis, granulomas, or vasculitis, and no indication of GIST. Laboratory tests showed platelet count of 909 × 10⁹/L, white blood cell count of 11.86 × 10⁹/L, neutrophil ratio of 75.10%, lymphocyte ratio of 15.30% and hemoglobin 101 g/L. Bone marrow biopsy microscopically showed a normal number of megakaryocytes without abnormal aggregation and no myelofibrosis, suggesting there was no obvious hematologic malignancy and the thrombocytosis may have been secondary. The patient underwent partial resection of the small intestine and resection of mesenteric lesions on October 18, 2024. The intraoperative frozen section suggested a stromal tumor. The postoperative pathological biopsy suggested a GIST and genetic testing showed a mutation in the c-KIT gene (Exon 13). Postoperatively, the patient was treated with oral imatinib mesylate (400 mg/d) as adjunctive therapy. Three months after surgery, imaging showed no recurrence, platelet decreased and returned to normal levels.