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Prof. Hazem Kassem
Professor, Department of agricultural extension and rural society, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia

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0 Climate Change Adaptation
0 Cooperation for development
0 Adoption and impact assessment of Agricultural technologies
0 Agricultural & Rural Development
0 agricultural knowledge and innovation system

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agricultural knowledge and innovation system
Climate Change Adaptation
Cooperation for development

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Journal article
Published: 21 June 2021 in Agronomy
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Recently, there has been increasing concern about reducing and replacing chemical fertilizers with biofertilizers to enhance soil fertility and maintain agroecosystems and sustainable agricultural production. Given that knowledge of biofertilizers is information-intensive, the lack of information-seeking behavior (ISB) might be the primary constraint for farmers adopting biofertilizers. This study aimed to analyze how ISB influences farmers’ adoption of biofertilizers, using a sample of 228 onion farmers in Al-Ahsa Governorate, Saudi Arabia. The results indicate that most farmers had a moderate level of ISB. The most frequently accessed sources were mobile applications, extension institutions, and progressive farmers. The results of cluster analysis show that farmers’ ISB differed significantly according to their main occupation. Among the onion farmers, 35%had adopted biofertilizers. The findings also reveal that farm size, attitude toward biofertilizers, the credibility of information sources, and the usefulness of the information positively and significantly influence farmers’ adoption of biofertilizers. It was concluded that understanding the relationship between adoption and ISB could assist policymakers in focusing on knowledge diffusion when designing extension programs and advisory services to facilitate better usage of biofertilizers.

ACS Style

Hazem Kassem; Bader Alotaibi; Fahd Aldosri; Muhammad Muddassir. Exploring the Relationship between Information-Seeking Behavior and Adoption of Biofertilizers among Onion Farmers. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1258 .

AMA Style

Hazem Kassem, Bader Alotaibi, Fahd Aldosri, Muhammad Muddassir. Exploring the Relationship between Information-Seeking Behavior and Adoption of Biofertilizers among Onion Farmers. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (6):1258.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hazem Kassem; Bader Alotaibi; Fahd Aldosri; Muhammad Muddassir. 2021. "Exploring the Relationship between Information-Seeking Behavior and Adoption of Biofertilizers among Onion Farmers." Agronomy 11, no. 6: 1258.

Journal article
Published: 13 May 2021 in Agronomy
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This paper is aimed at evaluating the factors affecting the concurrent adoption of two risk coping strategies among hybrid maize farmers, namely income diversification supplemented with off-farm work and contract farming in the wake of changing climatic conditions. Climatic changes and food insecurity at the national level have emerged as key risk elements for hybrid maize production due to varying economic conditions. The present paper addresses these risks by examining various sources of risks faced by hybrid maize farmers and develops ideas to tackle these risks. Bivariate and multinomial probit models were employed to analyze numerous factors that influence farmers’ choice of the simultaneous adoption of income diversification (both on and off the farm) and contract farming at the farm level. The results reveal that hybrid maize farmers’ socioeconomic attributes significantly affect their adoption of risk coping tools. Similarly, the climatic, economic (price-related), biological, and financial risk perceptions and risk preference significantly influence the utilization of risk coping strategies in maize production. These outcomes extend our understanding of farmers’ risk preferences and provide parameters for policymakers to forestall diverse risk sources associated with hybrid maize production.

ACS Style

Shoaib Akhtar; Azhar Abbas; Hazem Kassem; Salim Bagadeem; Raza Ullah; Bader Alotaibi. Sustainable Crop Production, the Concurrent Adoption of Contract Farming, and Managing Risks through Income Diversification. Agronomy 2021, 11, 973 .

AMA Style

Shoaib Akhtar, Azhar Abbas, Hazem Kassem, Salim Bagadeem, Raza Ullah, Bader Alotaibi. Sustainable Crop Production, the Concurrent Adoption of Contract Farming, and Managing Risks through Income Diversification. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (5):973.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shoaib Akhtar; Azhar Abbas; Hazem Kassem; Salim Bagadeem; Raza Ullah; Bader Alotaibi. 2021. "Sustainable Crop Production, the Concurrent Adoption of Contract Farming, and Managing Risks through Income Diversification." Agronomy 11, no. 5: 973.

Journal article
Published: 27 April 2021 in Sustainability
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Extension services (ES) play a crucial role in addressing the various needs of organic farmers and little is known about the extension agents’ (EA’s) perceptions of organic agriculture and the role of ES in organic agriculture. This study investigated EA’s perceptions of the role of ES in organic agriculture. Data were collected via a questionnaire, which was sent electronically to all enlisted extension agents in Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia. In total, 69 extension agents completed the questionnaire, representing a 54% response rate. Overall, extension agents had slightly positive attitudes toward organic farming but were unsure about their role and participation in this. Furthermore, their perceptions of the role of ES in organic agriculture significantly varied according to their age, work experience in organic agriculture, and education level. These findings have implications for the design of future training programs for the professional development of extension agents and will enable planners, policy makers, and related ministries to devise viable and workable policies and plans that truly reflect the concerns and challenges of extension agents and consider the skills of extension agents that need to be improved. This research will also have positive implications for the national organic agriculture policy, as it provides research-based information on the actual players in the farming systems of Saudi Arabia.

ACS Style

Bader Alhafi; Edgar Yoder; Hazem Kassem. Extension Agents’ Perceptions of the Role of Extension Services in Organic Agriculture: A Case Study from Saudi Arabia. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4880 .

AMA Style

Bader Alhafi, Edgar Yoder, Hazem Kassem. Extension Agents’ Perceptions of the Role of Extension Services in Organic Agriculture: A Case Study from Saudi Arabia. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (9):4880.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bader Alhafi; Edgar Yoder; Hazem Kassem. 2021. "Extension Agents’ Perceptions of the Role of Extension Services in Organic Agriculture: A Case Study from Saudi Arabia." Sustainability 13, no. 9: 4880.

Research article
Published: 29 March 2021 in PLOS ONE
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Goal 17 of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) attracted attention to the importance of partnerships between governments, the private sector, and nonprofit organizations (NPOs) for sustainable development. This paper aims to analyze the processes of establishing and operating the partnerships between NPOs and other actors in terms of governance. The best practices for partnership governance were examined according to the partnering life cycle framework. A simple random sample of 184 NPOs in six regions of Saudi Arabia was selected for data collection. These organizations were analyzed according to their governance practices in 937 partnerships established during 2016–2018. The findings showed that the organizations had strongly implemented the phases of building and scoping and managing and maintaining, while their governance practices regarding phases of reviewing and revising and sustaining outcomes ranged between moderate and low levels. The results also revealed significant differences between the overall implementation of the partnering life cycle practices and the NPO’s year of establishment. It was concluded that analyzing the current situation of implementing the best practices of partnership governance is useful to explore the efficiency and effectiveness of partnerships between NPOs and other actors, as well as the existing policy gaps, so as to create and implement sustainable-oriented partnerships.

ACS Style

Hazem S. Kassem; Salim Bagadeem; Bader Alhafi Alotaibi; Mohammed Aljuaid. Are partnerships in nonprofit organizations being governed for sustainability? A partnering life cycle assessment. PLOS ONE 2021, 16, e0249228 .

AMA Style

Hazem S. Kassem, Salim Bagadeem, Bader Alhafi Alotaibi, Mohammed Aljuaid. Are partnerships in nonprofit organizations being governed for sustainability? A partnering life cycle assessment. PLOS ONE. 2021; 16 (3):e0249228.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hazem S. Kassem; Salim Bagadeem; Bader Alhafi Alotaibi; Mohammed Aljuaid. 2021. "Are partnerships in nonprofit organizations being governed for sustainability? A partnering life cycle assessment." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3: e0249228.

Journal article
Published: 30 January 2021 in Evaluation and Program Planning
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Assessing farmers’ satisfaction with the quality of agricultural-extension services is essential for developing extension programs that comply with farmers’ needs and agroecological conditions. This study aimed to determine factors influencing farmers’ satisfaction with extension services. Data were collected through a questionnaire from a random sample of 393 farmers in the Kafr El Sheikh governorate. Farmers assessed the quality of extension services by five main indicators: (1) availability, (2) accessibility, (3) diversity, (4) relevance, and (5) effectiveness. Descriptive statistics and a logistic-regression model were used to analyze the data. Results showed that farmers had lowly participated in the provided extension services. The accessibility of services was ranked first with regard to satisfaction, while diversity of services was the lowest-ranked quality attribute. Results also revealed that factors significantly influencing farmers’ satisfaction included farm size, diversity of farming activities, annual income, and participation in extension services. Results provide practical implications for policy makers to support smallholder farmers by providing high-quality extension programs.

ACS Style

Hazem S. Kassem; Bader Alhafi Alotaibi; Muhammad Muddassir; Ahmed Herab. Factors influencing farmers’ satisfaction with the quality of agricultural extension services. Evaluation and Program Planning 2021, 85, 101912 .

AMA Style

Hazem S. Kassem, Bader Alhafi Alotaibi, Muhammad Muddassir, Ahmed Herab. Factors influencing farmers’ satisfaction with the quality of agricultural extension services. Evaluation and Program Planning. 2021; 85 ():101912.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hazem S. Kassem; Bader Alhafi Alotaibi; Muhammad Muddassir; Ahmed Herab. 2021. "Factors influencing farmers’ satisfaction with the quality of agricultural extension services." Evaluation and Program Planning 85, no. : 101912.

Journal article
Published: 27 November 2020 in Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences
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The inability of farmers to comply with global good agricultural practices (GlobalGAP) standards has led to food safety issues harmful to human health and sustainable agriculture. This study aimed to assess the extent of GlobalGAP compliance among orange farmers and investigate barriers associated with compliance. Data were collected with structured questionnaires from 238 orange farmers. The findings showed that the farmers’ rate of adherence to the GlobalGAP standards was moderate (mean 3.58). Using factor analysis, the following four groups were identified as key barriers to compliance: personal and economic barriers, awareness and information barriers, institutional-support barriers, and infrastructure barriers. Institutional support barriers were deemed most important by farmers in compliance decisions (mean 4.29), followed by personal and economic barriers (mean 3.89). Therefore, a focus on the barriers faced by smallholder farmers would be crucial to improve their adoption of food safety standards. This can enhance the quality of agricultural commodities, customers’ safety, and the livelihood of smallholder farmers.

ACS Style

Hazem S. Kassem; Bader Alhafi Alotaibi; Fahd O. Aldosari; Ahmed Herab; Rabab Ghozy. Factors influencing smallholder orange farmers for compliance with GobalGAP standards. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 2020, 28, 1365 -1373.

AMA Style

Hazem S. Kassem, Bader Alhafi Alotaibi, Fahd O. Aldosari, Ahmed Herab, Rabab Ghozy. Factors influencing smallholder orange farmers for compliance with GobalGAP standards. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 2020; 28 (2):1365-1373.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hazem S. Kassem; Bader Alhafi Alotaibi; Fahd O. Aldosari; Ahmed Herab; Rabab Ghozy. 2020. "Factors influencing smallholder orange farmers for compliance with GobalGAP standards." Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 28, no. 2: 1365-1373.

Journal article
Published: 19 November 2020 in Sustainability
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The red palm weevil (RPW) (Rhynchophorus ferruginous) is one of the most serious pest insects threatening the sustainability of the date palm sector (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Nevertheless, a gap exists in the body of knowledge regarding patterns in farmers’ adoption of integrated pest management (IPM) for RPW control and how their knowledge of RPW symptomology influences IPM adoption. Data were collected using structured questionnaires from 183 palm growers in Al-Ahsa Governorate, Saudi Arabia. The results indicate that most farmers had insufficient knowledge to visually diagnose RPW symptoms and damage. Farmers moderately adopted preventive measures recommended for protection from RPW infestation. Only 13.11% of the farmers exhibited a high rate of adoption of pest management practices for RPW control and eradication. The findings revealed a strong positive association (0.8, p < 0.01) between the knowledge level regarding symptoms and IPM adoption level, whereby the respondents with more knowledge of RPW symptoms showed a higher level of adoption in all IPM categories. This study contributes to the development of our understanding of the social behaviors and risks associated with RPW. This might enhance the quality of awareness campaigns and extension programs and assist in developing a visual inspection protocol for RPW infestation for farmers.

ACS Style

Hazem S. Kassem; Bader Alhafi Alotaibi; Ali Ahmed; Fahd O. Aldosri. Sustainable Management of the Red Palm Weevil: The Nexus between Farmers’ Adoption of Integrated Pest Management and Their Knowledge of Symptoms. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9647 .

AMA Style

Hazem S. Kassem, Bader Alhafi Alotaibi, Ali Ahmed, Fahd O. Aldosri. Sustainable Management of the Red Palm Weevil: The Nexus between Farmers’ Adoption of Integrated Pest Management and Their Knowledge of Symptoms. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (22):9647.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hazem S. Kassem; Bader Alhafi Alotaibi; Ali Ahmed; Fahd O. Aldosri. 2020. "Sustainable Management of the Red Palm Weevil: The Nexus between Farmers’ Adoption of Integrated Pest Management and Their Knowledge of Symptoms." Sustainability 12, no. 22: 9647.

Research article
Published: 30 October 2020 in Information Development
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Mobile-based advisory services have significant benefits, including access to agricultural information, knowledge sharing, meteorological information, marketing-related information, and financial services for smallholder farmers. This study aimed to assess farmers’ information behavior regarding mobile-based advisory services and how farmers with different characteristics and attitudes access and adopt information. Data were collected from 382 farmers in Dakhalia governorate, Egypt. The most frequently received information was related to best agricultural practices, weather forecasts, seed varieties and treatment, and water management. Cluster analysis revealed that 47% of the farmers had low information behavior. Seventy-one of the respondents had a favorable attitude toward information retrieval from mobile agricultural services. The information behavior groups of the farmers significantly differed in education, farm size, diversity of agricultural production, and attitude regarding trust and quality of the information provided. Information behavior among farmers has useful implications for policymakers in supporting the long-term benefits of mobile-based advisory services.

ACS Style

Hazem S. Kassem; Bader Alhafi Alotaibi; Yomna A. Ghoneim; Ahmed M. Diab. Mobile-based advisory services for sustainable agriculture: Assessing farmers’ information behavior. Information Development 2020, 37, 483 -495.

AMA Style

Hazem S. Kassem, Bader Alhafi Alotaibi, Yomna A. Ghoneim, Ahmed M. Diab. Mobile-based advisory services for sustainable agriculture: Assessing farmers’ information behavior. Information Development. 2020; 37 (3):483-495.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hazem S. Kassem; Bader Alhafi Alotaibi; Yomna A. Ghoneim; Ahmed M. Diab. 2020. "Mobile-based advisory services for sustainable agriculture: Assessing farmers’ information behavior." Information Development 37, no. 3: 483-495.

Epidemiology
Published: 28 September 2020 in PLOS ONE
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The increasing number of fraudulent pesticides on the market not only constitutes a major threat to sustainable agriculture but can also have adverse consequences for the environment and human health. The purpose of this study is to assess farmers’ risk perception with regard to fraudulent pesticides and to establish the determinants of their perception. Data were collected through structured questionnaires from 370 farmers from the eastern region in Saudi Arabia. The findings showed that farmers had a high perception of physical, legal, social, and physiological risks of counterfeit pesticides, while they had a moderate perception of agri-environmental risks (M = 3.47, SD = 0.72) and economic risks (M = 3.52, SD = 1.11). Moreover, 73.5% of farmers reported that they had purchased fraudulent pesticides in the last three years. The results of the t-test revealed that the number of farmers who had purchased fraudulent pesticides was significantly higher than the number of farmers who had not purchased such pesticides regarding the perception of the majority of risks, except for physical risk. Multivariate regression analyses showed that age, farm size, farming experience, extension contact, and purchased fraudulent pesticides were significantly associated with risk perception. The findings suggest that awareness campaigns on recognizing fraudulent pesticides among farmers are needed, as well as policy measures, to combat counterfeiting in the agricultural sector in cooperation with other stakeholders.

ACS Style

Hazem S. Kassem; Bader Alhafi Alotaibi. Do farmers perceive risks of fraudulent pesticides? Evidence from Saudi Arabia. PLOS ONE 2020, 15, e0239298 .

AMA Style

Hazem S. Kassem, Bader Alhafi Alotaibi. Do farmers perceive risks of fraudulent pesticides? Evidence from Saudi Arabia. PLOS ONE. 2020; 15 (9):e0239298.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hazem S. Kassem; Bader Alhafi Alotaibi. 2020. "Do farmers perceive risks of fraudulent pesticides? Evidence from Saudi Arabia." PLOS ONE 15, no. 9: e0239298.

Journal article
Published: 02 September 2020 in Sustainability
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The growing alignment between Non-Profit Organizations (NPOs) and cooperation development actors has contributed to creating new partnerships to be harnessed in addressing the UN Sustainable Development Goals (e.g., SDG 17). This study aimed to map the key characteristics of engagements between NPOs and other actors. An analytical framework was designed to map the partnerships in terms of four main areas, namely, drivers, motivations, the partnership’s characteristics, and outcomes. Charitable associations were selected as a representative type of NPO. The study analyzed 459 partnerships established by charities in the Riyadh region during 2016–2018. The findings showed that the associations engaged in partnerships mainly to enhance their financial stability. Cross-sector partnerships were observed in 63.4% of the cases, principally with the private sector. The results also indicated that 89.7% of the partnerships could be called “transactional partnerships” in cases of both philanthropic and social investment partnerships. It could be concluded that the mapping framework provides useful information for policy-makers concerned with how charitable associations engaged with the other actors, as well as the existing policy gaps to be implemented for sustainability.

ACS Style

Hazem Kassem; Mohammed Aljuaid; Bader Alotaibi; Rabab Ghozy. Mapping and Analysis of Sustainability-Oriented Partnerships in Non-Profit Organizations: The Case of Saudi Arabia. Sustainability 2020, 12, 7178 .

AMA Style

Hazem Kassem, Mohammed Aljuaid, Bader Alotaibi, Rabab Ghozy. Mapping and Analysis of Sustainability-Oriented Partnerships in Non-Profit Organizations: The Case of Saudi Arabia. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (17):7178.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hazem Kassem; Mohammed Aljuaid; Bader Alotaibi; Rabab Ghozy. 2020. "Mapping and Analysis of Sustainability-Oriented Partnerships in Non-Profit Organizations: The Case of Saudi Arabia." Sustainability 12, no. 17: 7178.

Journal article
Published: 09 July 2020 in Land Use Policy
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It is essential for farmers to possess awareness regarding various aspects of the environment, but studies on the awareness of environmental protection legislation and its determinants among farmers are limited. Farmers’ level of awareness of agri-environmental legislation intended to protect the environment has been explored by testing the perceptions of Saudi farmers regarding various components of environmental protection legislation: knowledge of legislation, penalties for violations, and the adverse impact of non-compliance. The study was conducted in the Al Kharj governorate of the Riyadh region in central Saudi Arabia. After using systematic random sampling to select participants, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 312 farmers to collect data. Approximately 20 % of the respondents had high awareness of environmental legislation. Significant associations were found between knowledge of legislation and knowledge of penalties (χ2 = 54.7, P < 0.01), knowledge of legislation and knowledge of the adverse impact on the environment (χ2 = 107.6, P < 0.01), and knowledge of penalties and knowledge of the adverse impact on the environment (χ2 = 38.8, P < 0.01). “Knowledge of penalties” was the lowest-scoring component with respect to farming knowledge in all categories of legislation. Furthermore, farmers’ knowledge of pesticide legislation was the lowest among all fields. Higher levels of education among farmers improved their awareness of environmental protection legislation. From a policy-making perspective, it is essential to understand farmers’ level of awareness of existing agri-environmental legislation, as this can inform the design of extension messages to encourage compliance with legislation.

ACS Style

Bader Alhafi Alotaibi; Hazem S. Kassem; Abdullah Al-Zaidi; Mohamad A. Alyafrsi. Farmers’ awareness of agri-environmental legislation in Saudi Arabia. Land Use Policy 2020, 99, 104902 .

AMA Style

Bader Alhafi Alotaibi, Hazem S. Kassem, Abdullah Al-Zaidi, Mohamad A. Alyafrsi. Farmers’ awareness of agri-environmental legislation in Saudi Arabia. Land Use Policy. 2020; 99 ():104902.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bader Alhafi Alotaibi; Hazem S. Kassem; Abdullah Al-Zaidi; Mohamad A. Alyafrsi. 2020. "Farmers’ awareness of agri-environmental legislation in Saudi Arabia." Land Use Policy 99, no. : 104902.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2020 in Agriculture
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Climate change constitutes a major threat to agricultural production, food security, and natural resource management. Saudi Arabia is particularly susceptible to increasing temperatures and extreme climatic events, such as arid weather and drought. The purpose of this study is to assess farmers’ beliefs and concerns as regards climate change. Extensive interviews were conducted with 164 farmers in the Jazan region. Results revealed that 89.6% of the farmers believed that climate change is due to human activities and 93.3% believed that it is because of natural change. Seventy-five percent of the farmers were concerned about insects and 73% about the prevalence of weeds on their farms. Findings of cluster analysis revealed that farmers who are more likely to believe in climate change are more in agreement with the role of extension services in capacity building. Farmers’ beliefs about climate change were significantly influenced by membership of agricultural cooperatives, access to loans, use of extension services, age, farm size, and level of soil fertility. Access to loans was the only significant factor to explain the differences in farmers’ concerns. These results suggest the need for capacity-building activities targeted at improving farmers’ adaptability to manage climate variability.

ACS Style

Bader Alhafi Alotaibi; Hazem S. Kassem; Roshan K. Nayak; Muhammad Muddassir. Farmers’ Beliefs and Concerns about Climate Change: An Assessment from Southern Saudi Arabia. Agriculture 2020, 10, 253 .

AMA Style

Bader Alhafi Alotaibi, Hazem S. Kassem, Roshan K. Nayak, Muhammad Muddassir. Farmers’ Beliefs and Concerns about Climate Change: An Assessment from Southern Saudi Arabia. Agriculture. 2020; 10 (7):253.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bader Alhafi Alotaibi; Hazem S. Kassem; Roshan K. Nayak; Muhammad Muddassir. 2020. "Farmers’ Beliefs and Concerns about Climate Change: An Assessment from Southern Saudi Arabia." Agriculture 10, no. 7: 253.

Journal article
Published: 23 June 2020 in Sustainability
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Agricultural knowledge and innovation system (AKIS) has a strong potential to enhance economic performance of farming and contribute to agricultural sustainability, as it may increase synergies and complementarity among actors. This paper is aimed to develop a proposed framework to strengthen AKIS in the study area based on the results of this study. This paper explores perception and views about strengthening AKIS in Dakhalia governorate of Egypt by applying a multi-actor approach. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected through face-to-face interviews and focus group discussion. This paper focuses on three structural dimensions, namely actors, interactions, and technologies, to describe the nature of innovation processes within AKIS. Results indicate that legal and regulatory frameworks, lack of infrastructure, and weak the role of intermediary organizations are the main barriers that AKIS faces. Linkages of contracting and public–private partnerships were viewed as main interactions required to strengthen AKIS. The analysis also explores the availability of innovation requirements at each actor, as well as the distributive technologies, that should be encouraged to build the capacity the agricultural sector. A proposed framework is developed based on the results of this study and the characteristics of the AKIS in the study area. This framework could be used for stimulating innovation and enhancing coordination between actors.

ACS Style

Yehia Zahran; Hazem Kassem; Shimaa Naba; Bader Alotaibi. Shifting from Fragmentation to Integration: A Proposed Framework for Strengthening Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation System in Egypt. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5131 .

AMA Style

Yehia Zahran, Hazem Kassem, Shimaa Naba, Bader Alotaibi. Shifting from Fragmentation to Integration: A Proposed Framework for Strengthening Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation System in Egypt. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (12):5131.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yehia Zahran; Hazem Kassem; Shimaa Naba; Bader Alotaibi. 2020. "Shifting from Fragmentation to Integration: A Proposed Framework for Strengthening Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation System in Egypt." Sustainability 12, no. 12: 5131.

Journal article
Published: 04 June 2020 in Plants
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Essential oils (EOs) have been described as promising eco-friendly secondary products of aromatic plants with several biological activities. The present study aimed to characterize the chemical composition and explore phytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of Teucrium polium and Thymus decussatus EOs extracted using hydrodistillation (HD) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) methods. Twenty-seven and twenty-eight compounds were identified from HD and MAE extracted EOs of T. polium, respectively. The oxygenated sesquiterpenes (57.68%) were characterized as the main components of the hydrodistilled EO with a prominence of 6-epi-shyobunol (33.00%), while sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (54.48%) were the main components of the MAE method, with a prominence of delta-cadinene (25.13%). Eighteen and nineteen compounds, were characterized in T. decussatus EOs extracted using HD and MAE methods, respectively, and oxygenated monoterpenes represented the main components of both EOs with carvacrol (94.40% and 75.91%, respectively) as the main compound. The EOs extracted using the MAE method were slightly more phytotoxic than those extracted using the HD method. The T. decussatus EO extracted using the MAE method showed a higher inhibitory effect than T. polium by 16-, 32-, and 24-fold, regarding seed germination, shoot, and root growth of lettuce, respectively. Moreover, EOs extracted by HD method showed a similar pattern with 16-, 28-, and 14-fold effects. Both T. decussatus EOs exhibited potent inhibitory effect against all tested bacteria with an inhibition zone of 34–39 mm and the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.49, 0.98, and 1.95 μg/mL against Aspergillus niger, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. However, the EOs of T. polium showed weak antibacterial activity and no antifungal effect. Further studies are needed for the characterization of bioactive major compounds, either singular or synergistic, at field scale and to determine their modes of action and safety.

ACS Style

Ibrahim Saleh; Ahmed Abd-Elgawad; Abd El-Nasser El Gendy; Abeer Abd El Aty; Tarik Mohamed; Hazem Kassem; Fahd Aldosri; Abdelsamed ElShamy; Mohamed-Elamir F. Hegazy. Phytotoxic and Antimicrobial Activities of Teucrium polium and Thymus decussatus Essential Oils Extracted Using Hydrodistillation and Microwave-Assisted Techniques. Plants 2020, 9, 716 .

AMA Style

Ibrahim Saleh, Ahmed Abd-Elgawad, Abd El-Nasser El Gendy, Abeer Abd El Aty, Tarik Mohamed, Hazem Kassem, Fahd Aldosri, Abdelsamed ElShamy, Mohamed-Elamir F. Hegazy. Phytotoxic and Antimicrobial Activities of Teucrium polium and Thymus decussatus Essential Oils Extracted Using Hydrodistillation and Microwave-Assisted Techniques. Plants. 2020; 9 (6):716.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ibrahim Saleh; Ahmed Abd-Elgawad; Abd El-Nasser El Gendy; Abeer Abd El Aty; Tarik Mohamed; Hazem Kassem; Fahd Aldosri; Abdelsamed ElShamy; Mohamed-Elamir F. Hegazy. 2020. "Phytotoxic and Antimicrobial Activities of Teucrium polium and Thymus decussatus Essential Oils Extracted Using Hydrodistillation and Microwave-Assisted Techniques." Plants 9, no. 6: 716.

Journal article
Published: 04 September 2019 in Evaluation and Program Planning
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the needs of extension agents for training on organic agriculture (OA) in the Riyadh Region. Fifty-five percent (n = 69) of extension agents were selected to collect data through an electronic survey. Results indicated that extension agents in the Riyadh Region cited on job training as a main source for acquiring knowledge in OA. Agents expressed interest in receiving training in OA in general, OA marketing, and transitioning to OA. The most useful resources were field days at organic farms, OA training sessions at colleges, and attending OA trial plots. There were no differences in the level of interest in training; however, there were significant differences between individuals in terms of their experience in OA, job responsibility for providing information related to OA, and area of specialization in their job. This study recommends developing professional training programs based on the current knowledge of extension agents.

ACS Style

Bader Alhafi Alotaibi; Edgar Yoderab; Mark A.Brennanab; Hazem S. Kassem. Training needs of extension agents’ regarding organic agriculture in Saudi Arabia. Evaluation and Program Planning 2019, 77, 101711 .

AMA Style

Bader Alhafi Alotaibi, Edgar Yoderab, Mark A.Brennanab, Hazem S. Kassem. Training needs of extension agents’ regarding organic agriculture in Saudi Arabia. Evaluation and Program Planning. 2019; 77 ():101711.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bader Alhafi Alotaibi; Edgar Yoderab; Mark A.Brennanab; Hazem S. Kassem. 2019. "Training needs of extension agents’ regarding organic agriculture in Saudi Arabia." Evaluation and Program Planning 77, no. : 101711.

Research article
Published: 03 April 2019 in Information Development
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During the last 10 years, different initiatives have been implemented to provide mobile-based extension services for the agricultural sector in Egypt. The current study compared the quality of agricultural extension messages between public and private providers. A simple random sample of 120 farmers was selected representing 7% of the total farmers registered in the databases of Ministry of Agriculture (public services) and Shoura company (private services). Farmers assessed a sample of 10 messages delivered by both providers in terms of six indicators namely (1) access, (2) utilization, (3) timeliness, (4) trust, (5) satisfaction, and (6) sharing information with other farmers. The findings revealed the lack of access to messages by the farmers in the two services. However, more than 50% had utilized the majority of messages (in case of access). The study also showed significant differences between perception of farmers to quality attributes in public and private services (Access 6.77, 0.01; Utilization 8.44, 0.004; Timeliness 8.55, 0.002; Satisfaction 8.88, 0.001; information sharing 7.62, 0.009) except for trust (1.11, 0.4). Findings provide practical implications to support mobile-based extension services to enable sharing information and link farmers with other actors in the agricultural value chain.

ACS Style

Hazem S. Kassem; Rasha M. Shabana; Yomna A. Ghoneim; Bader M. Alotaibi. Farmers’ perception of the quality of mobile-based extension services in egypt: A comparison between public and private provision. Information Development 2019, 36, 161 -180.

AMA Style

Hazem S. Kassem, Rasha M. Shabana, Yomna A. Ghoneim, Bader M. Alotaibi. Farmers’ perception of the quality of mobile-based extension services in egypt: A comparison between public and private provision. Information Development. 2019; 36 (2):161-180.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hazem S. Kassem; Rasha M. Shabana; Yomna A. Ghoneim; Bader M. Alotaibi. 2019. "Farmers’ perception of the quality of mobile-based extension services in egypt: A comparison between public and private provision." Information Development 36, no. 2: 161-180.

Journal article
Published: 28 January 2019 in Sustainability
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This study used quantitative and qualitative methods to collect data, using questionnaires and interviews, from 792 randomly-selected farmers in two of the governorates in the Nile Delta Region, Egypt. A workshop was organized for 59 extension professionals working in the two governorates, looking at how the adaptive capacity of the agricultural sector towards climate change was being guided by policy-makers. Two focus groups were used: one with senior officials from the regional governorates and the other with central government administrators from the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation. The study findings suggested that 51.9% of the investigated farmers at the two targeted governorates had no knowledge about the climate change phenomenon. Maximizing the use of manure, changing crop patterns, and crop rotation were the adaptation measures most commonly adopted by aware respondents against climate change. Results of a probit model analysis indicated that farmers’ ability to adapt to climate change was influenced by education level, farm size, diversity of production, and membership of a Water User Association. The study recommended some extension interventions to raise awareness of the anticipated effects of climate change.

ACS Style

Hazem S. Kassem; Abdel Raouf Suleiman Bello; Bader M. Alotaibi; Fahd O. Aldosri; Gary S. Straquadine. Climate Change Adaptation in the Delta Nile Region of Egypt: Implications for Agricultural Extension. Sustainability 2019, 11, 685 .

AMA Style

Hazem S. Kassem, Abdel Raouf Suleiman Bello, Bader M. Alotaibi, Fahd O. Aldosri, Gary S. Straquadine. Climate Change Adaptation in the Delta Nile Region of Egypt: Implications for Agricultural Extension. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (3):685.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hazem S. Kassem; Abdel Raouf Suleiman Bello; Bader M. Alotaibi; Fahd O. Aldosri; Gary S. Straquadine. 2019. "Climate Change Adaptation in the Delta Nile Region of Egypt: Implications for Agricultural Extension." Sustainability 11, no. 3: 685.