In a high-brightness photocathode gun, the non-uniformity in both the transverse distribution of the photocathode drive laser and the quantum efficiency (QE) map can lead to a degradation in electron beam quality. This study explores an adaptive transverse laser shaping technique and its application to improve the uniformity of the electrons emitted from the photocathode. By utilizing a spatial light modulator (SLM) with a feedback algorithm, we effectively control the drive laser distribution and achieve single-shot QE map measurement and QE compensation. The experiments conducted on the DC-SRF-II gun demonstrate a rapid and efficient QE measurement process, as well as a notable improvement in electron beam uniformity. Our study offers a promising approach for improving beam quality in accelerator applications that demand high-brightness electron sources.

In a high-brightness photocathode gun, the non-uniformity in both the transverse distribution of the photocathode drive laser and the quantum efficiency (QE) map can lead to degradation in electron beam quality. This study explores an adaptive transverse laser shaping technique and its application to improve the uniformity of the electrons emitted from the photocathode. Utilizing a spatial light modulator (SLM) with a feedback algorithm, we effectively control the drive laser distribution and achieve single-shot QE map measurement and QE compensation. The experiments conducted on the DC-SRF-II gun demonstrate a rapid and efficient QE measurement process, as well as a notable improvement in electron beam uniformity. Our study offers a promising approach for improving beam quality in accelerator applications that demand high-brightness electron sources.

Continuous-wave photocathode guns are capable of delivering electron beams with high repetition rates and high average currents. However, they are limited by relatively low accelerating gradients and cathode fields. This limitation leads to a larger beam size at the gun exit due to space charge forces, making the beam more sensitive to optical aberrations and posing challenges for low-emittance electron beam transmission. This paper focuses on the aberrations induced by multipole fields. We analyze the effects of quadrupole, sextupole, and higher-order fields on beam profile and transverse emittance and propose a beam-based method for the rapid characterization and correction of these multipole fields. Furthermore, we present an experimental study conducted on the DC-SRF-II photocathode gun equipped with dedicated correctors. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrate that our approach effectively mitigates beam aberrations caused by multipole fields, resulting in improved beam symmetry and reduced emittance.