Background: Popliteal venous aneurysms (PVA) are an uncommon but potentially severe condition due to their association with increased risk of recurrent pulmonary embolisms. Because of their rarity, their aetiology, natural history, and optimal treatment strategies have been poorly defined. The aim of this paper is to report a comprehensive systematic review on the treatment strategies and outcomes in PVA, summarizing current evidence. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, covering studies published from database inception through February 2025 (protocol registered on PROSPERO CRD420251008927). The primary endpoint was the analysis of outcomes and complications associated with surgical and conservative management. Results: Nine studies, including 173 adult patients with popliteal venous aneurysms, were included. The mean age was 56 years (range 18–86 years, mean aneurysm diameter 25.4 mm). Most of the patients were female (73, 42.2%). Overall, 85 (49.1%) aneurysms were saccular and 74 (42.8%) fusiform, although morphology was not consistently reported across all studies. Intraluminal thrombus was reported in 26 cases (15.0%), and pulmonary embolism upon presentation in 21 (12.1%). Surgical treatment was performed in 119 patients (68.8%), while 54 (31.2%) were managed conservatively. Fifteen patients (13.0%) experienced postoperative complications, including wound infections (4, 3.5%), hematomas (7, 6.0%), and nerve injury (4, 3.5%), but no cases of postoperative pulmonary embolisms were observed. Following surgery, anticoagulation was indicated in most cases for 3–6 months or a long life. During follow-up (mean 35 months, range 1–262), thrombosis of the surgical reconstruction was observed in 1 patient (0.8%). Death occurred in 3 cases (5.5%), all in the non-surgical group: 2 (3.7%) due to malignancy and 1 (1.9%) from myocardial infarction. Conclusions: PVA is a rarely described condition potentially associated with the risk of PE. In their management, surgical strategies in association with oral anticoagulation represent the most commonly described approach, allowing for satisfactory results and a low rate of complications.

Lymphatic complications (lymphoma and lymphorrae) following vascular access or interventions in the groin are frequently benign but may increase the risk of wound infection, need for reintervention, and prolong the length of the hospital stay. Several management strategies have been developed so far, including percutaneous drainage, chemical sclerotherapy, and surgery, but a validated treatment algorithm has yet to be established in the current literature. In this paper, the authors investigated the indications and outcomes of currently available strategies for treating groin lymphocele following surgical dissection of the femoral vessels and suggested an algorithm for treating this potentially severe complication.

Peripheral arterial bypass in pediatric patients is a rare but essential surgical intervention, often performed in cases of trauma, congenital abnormalities, or severe vascular occlusion. Unlike adults, children present unique anatomical and physiological challenges owing to their smaller vessel size, rapid growth, and different responses to vascular injury and repair. This review aims to provide an overview of current knowledge, surgical techniques, and outcomes of peripheral arterial bypass in pediatric patients, with a focus on trauma-induced vascular injuries. Additionally, we present a case study involving a 5-year-old patient with a complex traumatic injury requiring arterial bypass.

Background: COVID-19-related deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients with pre-existing congenital anomalies or genetic diseases of the cardiovascular system has been rarely reported, and a clear definition of best treatment in this setting remains undefined. Methods: We report the rare case of a 36-year-old male patient affected with a congenital cardiovascular anomaly, presenting extensive venous thrombosis following COVID-19-induced coagulopathy. An insight into current treatment strategies in this setting is also reported. Results and Conclusions: COVID-19 disease appears to be a determining factor in the development of extensive DVT in patients with congenital anomalies and genetic disorders. Anticoagulation should be tailored to the individual risk factors, balancing the risk-benefit between prevention of VTE and hemorrhagic complications.

Background: The treatment of thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAAs) and chronic type B aortic dissections (TAAD), is technically challenging. Traditional open surgery repair carries high morbidity and mortality rates, while endovascular repair is limited by anatomical constraints. This study investigates the safety and effectiveness of a hybrid approach in high-risk patients with TAA disease and complex renal and hypogastric anatomy. Methods: This was a retrospective single-center study, including all consecutive patients with TAAA and TAAD with complex renal and/or hypogastric artery anatomy treated with a hybrid approach between 2020 and 2024 in a high-volume aortic center. Primary endpoint was technical success. Secondary endpoints were early complications, overall and aortic-related mortality, aortic-related reintervention, the incidence of endoleaks, and the target vessel (TV) patency and TV instability at 30-day and during follow-up. Results: During the study period, a total of 92 patients with TAAA or TAAD were treated at our institution. Five high-risk patients (5.4%) with complex renal/hypogastric artery anatomy underwent open renal debranching and hypogastric revascularization followed by staged endovascular repair with custom-made double fenestrated/branched device. Technical success was achieved in all cases with no intra-operative mortality. No spinal cord ischemia or 30-day mortality occurred. Target vessel patency at 30 days was 90%. At a median follow-up of 38 months (IQR 26–49 months), there were no cases of aortic-related death. Conclusions: Hybrid repair is a feasible and effective option for managing complex TAAA and TAAD in high-risk patients. Larger studies with longer follow-up are needed to better define the clinical role of this approach.

Objectives: The use of homograft for vascular reconstruction is a common practice in infective setting or to prevent aneurysmal dilation over the time. The use of fresh arterial homograft is conversely rarely reported. Methods: We report a case about the use of fresh arterial homograft as a substitute of carotid intra-stent stenosis. Results: We describe the several steps of the procedure of a carotid stent graft explant and reconstruction with the interposition of the superficial femoral artery in a 29-year-old patient presenting with a carotid intra-stent stenosis. One-month postoperatively, the DUS showed the patency of the bypass graft. Conclusions: Fresh in vivo superficial femoral artery for common carotid artery reconstruction may be considered in young patient as it provides excellent size-match, resistance to infection and low risk of aneurysmal degeneration.