The advent of the digital era has catalyzed transformative shifts in educational paradigms, seamlessly integrating sustainable education with innovative pedagogical approaches that cater to a broader spectrum of learners and educators. As the academic landscape evolves into an information-dense environment, traditional models of one-on-one feedback often fall short, resulting in delays and a lack of diverse intellectual engagement. This shift underscores the growing importance of peer feedback and asynchronous post-lesson feedback mechanisms, which have emerged as vital, process-oriented educational activities. Such mechanisms not only address the immediacy and diversity of feedback but also foster a sustainable, collaborative, and engaging learning environment that bolsters student autonomy and interaction. This study conducts a mapping review and synthesis of the literature on peer interaction, assessment, and participatory innovations in online and mobile learning within higher education, covering the period from 1993 to 2022. By employing topic modeling techniques to analyze a corpus of 485 articles, the literature was initially segmented into 19 distinct issues. These were subsequently consolidated into three major thematic models, thereby highlighting significant themes, research focal points, and prospective trends. This analytical process not only enriches the understanding of peer dynamics in digital learning settings but also integrates sustainable educational practices by promoting resource efficiency and inclusivity. The findings serve as a robust reference for future researchers aiming to explore the intersections of technology, peer interaction, and sustainability in educational settings.

In many industries and plants, a stable power supply system with acceptable cost/benefit is essential. This paper investigates the cost-effectiveness of an unreliable retrial system that includes standby generators and experiences the switchover failures of standby generators. Four different standby retrial configurations are included, and each configuration includes various numbers of primary and standby generators. Upon arrival, a failed generator is repaired immediately if the server is available; otherwise, the failed generator will enter into orbit. The server is subject to breakdown even when the server is idle. The explicit expressions of the mean time-to-failure and steady-state availability for each configuration are derived and compared. We also compare the cost/benefit ratio among four configurations. The developed results can provide managers with decision reference for stable power supply system and cost reduction.

Retrial queues are used extensively to model many practical problems in service systems, call centers, data centers, and computer network systems. The average waiting time is the main observable characteristic of the retrial queues. Long queues may cause negative impacts such as waste of manpower and unnecessary crowding leading to suffocation, and can even cause trouble for customers and institutions. Applying control chart technology can help managers analyze customers’ waiting times to improve the effective performance of service and attention. This paper pioneers the developing and detailed study of a waiting time control chart for a retrial queue with general service times. Two waiting time control charts, the Shewhart control chart, and a control chart using the weighted variance method are constructed in this paper. We present three cases for the Shewhart control chart in which the service time obeys special distributions, such as exponential, Erlang, and hyper-exponential distributions. The case of an exponentially distributed service time is also presented for the control chart using the weighted variance method. Based on the numerical simulations conducted herein, managers can better monitor and analyze the customers’ waiting times for their service systems and take preventive measures.

This study examines the Research and Development (R&D) effect on stock returns. By modifying Kyle's ( 1985 Kyle, A. S. 1985. Continuous auctions and insider trading. Econometrica, 53: 1315–35. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar] ) model, we construct an asset pricing model and propose a related hypothesis to investigate the information-related content of unusual increases in R&D expenditures. The empirical evidence shows that R&D increases might not be beneficial investments and the information-related value of R&D increases is gradually incorporated in the stock price system. Therefore, we document that the stock market is informationally efficient in the semi-strong form.