Kang J, et al. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2018 Jun;48(3):323-334. https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2018.48.3.323

The purpose of this study was to culturally adapt the Intensive Care Experience Questionnaire (ICEQ) for Korean patients and evaluate its validity and reliability. This cross-sectional study comprised two phases. The first phase involved the cultural adaptation of the ICEQ. In the second phase, the psychometric properties of the adapted measure were evaluated. Cultural adaptation was conducted in accordance with the World Health Organization's process. The adapted questionnaire was administered to 200 Korean patients who had received treatment in an intensive care unit within the past six months. Model fit was assessed through confirmatory factor analysis, and convergent validity and discriminant validity of the items were assessed. Known-groups validity was evaluated using the t test and Cohen's effect size. Cronbach's α was used to examine internal consistency reliability. The Korean version of the ICEQ (K-ICEQ) consists of 26 items and four subscales: Frightening Experiences, Awareness of Surroundings, Satisfaction with Care, and Recall of Experiences. The model fit indices, convergent validity, and discriminant validity of the K-ICEQ were all satisfactory. According to the results of the test of known-groups validity, intensive care unit (ICU) experience varied according to gender, planned ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and restraints application. Cronbach's α of the K-ICEQ subscales ranged from .74 to .93. The validity and reliability of the K-ICEQ reflecting the characteristics of Korean ICU patients were satisfactory. The K-ICEQ can be used to evaluate the experience of Korean ICU patients and contribute to the development of interventions to improve the ICU experience.

Purpose : Sleep disturbances in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) are related to health problems after discharge. Therefore, active prevention and management are required. Hence, identification of the factors that affect sleep in patients who are critically ill is necessary.Methods : The PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were searched. Selection criteria were observational and experimental studies that assessed sleep as an outcome, included adult patients admitted to the ICU, and published between November 2015 and April 2022.Results : A total of 21,136 articles were identified through search engines and manual searches, and 42 articles were selected. From these, 22 influencing factors and 11 interventions were identified. Individual factors included disease severity, age, pain, delirium, comorbidities, alcohol consumption, sex, sleep disturbance before hospitalization, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular disease, and high diastolic blood pressure (DBP), low hemoglobin (Hb), and low respiratory rate (RR). Environmental factors included light level, noise level, and temperature. Furthermore, treatment-related factors included use of sedatives, melatonin administration, sleep management guidelines, ventilator application, nursing treatment, and length of ICU stay. Regarding sleep interventions, massage, eye mask and earplugs, quiet time and multicomponent protocols, aromatherapy, acupressure, sounds of the sea, adaptive intervention, circulation lighting, and single occupation in a room were identified.Conclusion : Based on these results, we propose the development and application of various interventions to improve sleep quality in patients who are critically ill.