The history of the use of mines dates back almost two centuries. The geography of their use and the associated social harm have made them, without exaggeration, a global problem. At the same time, searches were underway for safe methods of their neutralization using various technical means. In so doing, until now, none of the existing methods provides a 100% guarantee of cleaning the territory, which determines the purpose of finding innovative methods and the possibility of combining them with existing ones. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are becoming a real modern breakthrough in the field of intellectual achievements. Obtaining optimal results when solving a wide range of different problems, together with the development of composite materials, software, and the latest navigation equipment, make the tasks assigned to them and the expected results more and more difficult. UAVs allow people not to be in life-threatening conditions, to conduct activities beyond their physiological and psychophysiological abilities. The combination of the ability to collect spatial data during flight in various ranges of remote sensing with the possibility of carrying variants of useful equipment opens up prospects for their use in the field of demining territories. Supplementing UAV technologies with modern information systems for processing and analysis of information (expert systems, machine learning, computational intelligence, distributed artificial intelligence, neural networks, etc.), including spatial geographic information systems (GIS), opens up great prospects in the field of humanitarian demining of territories.

The article is devoted to the problem of the sequence of demining territories through the prism of examples of foreign experience and probable economic effects. As of 2023, Ukraine is the country in Europe most mined and affected by explosive objects, and given the continuation of the military conflict, the area of affected territories is already more than 250,000 km2 and will only grow. Cautiously optimistic forecasts estimate the duration of humanitarian demining in decades and hundreds of billions of dollars. Post-conflict experience convinces that every country facing the need to demine territories after the end of hostilities can solve this problem independently at the expense of budget funds and, therefore, turn to international and domestic providers of humanitarian demining services for help. New mines experience insidious complications, the cases of which are made of unusual materials (wood, plastic, etc.), form a different composition of explosive substances, which maximally changes the investigated physical properties and complicates the possibility of their further identification. Therefore, only some of the currently existing methods give a guarantee of 100% cleaning of the territory. Any accident in the cleared environments is not only a tragedy and loss but also the fear of refugees to return, peaceful living and activities. The cost and time required for demining are much more significant than manufacturing and installing mines. This motivates governments and scientific communities to find safe, fast, and accurate demining solutions. Given the vast areas and limited resources for rapid recovery and sustainable development, humanitarian demining measures should be prioritized. Based on this and considering foreign experience, approaches to the priority return to economic use of the most promising land plots should be substantiated. The results of the optimal use of such territories will form additional economical means for demining and speeding up the clearance of the remaining regions. Examples of the return to economic use of different types of land use according to their intended use are considered. Keywords: humanitarian demining; land use; land management; Sustainability; planning.

Unmanned aerialvehicles (UAVs) are being actively adopted in various areas of human activity, demonstrating excellent results. Their usage allows to minimize the risks of people being in high-risk conditions, and integration with various systems expands the range of functions that previously seemed impossible.There are currently over 1,500 different official UAV designs, and the number is growing rapidly. The effectiveness of choosing a specific model and its subsequent application for the specific tasks requires a clear classification. Domestic classification is mainly inherent in the military sphere and in the sphere of civil protection with a limited extent, which creates uncertainty for other possible spheres of application. Other classifications do not have sufficient completeness and do not consider an integrated approach to modern requirements and technical characteristics of UAVs.Currently there is no single science-based systematic approach to the design of UAVs based on the use of optimization methods. It is clear that the problem of this kind is multi-criteria, and cannot do without optimization mathematical models and methods. However, the dynamics of the development of elements and solutions, the growth of information objects regarding new models and characteristics, the consideration of interrelated factors make this process impossible without decision support systems. The use of parametric synthesis allows to determine the compromise between stability and workability of systems.Criteria analyze for classification and modern methods for selecting unmanned aerial vehicles.The usage of electronic software tools, so-called electronic drone calculators, can help to solve the problem of choosing the optimal UAV design.Most of the classifications today are oriented to the needs of the military. The main criterion for choosing a scheme depends on the list of expected functions and tasks, flight range and altitude, as well as requirements for cargo capacity and possible on-board equipment. The approach of the mathematical method of multi-criteria evaluation, such as the method of analyzing hierarchies, is optimal.The article is an overview and information.

A number of different types of information are generally associated with places. It is estimated that about 75–90% of information may contain an official link to a specific area, expressed as, for example, coordinates, or addresses, and therefore has a spatial character, making data collection a responsible and important stage, which reasonably affects the quality of its results. Information and its sources are treated with particular care and rigor in the scientific field: in most cases, the data must be relevant, reliable, technically simple, and collected quickly at reasonable costs. The analysis of geographic information makes it possible to obtain qualitatively new information and reveal previously unknown patterns. Modern data collection methods are divided into three distinct groups: terrestrial, cartographic, and remote. Remote or aerospace methods are considered to be those that allow information to be collected. It refers to objects on the Earth’s surface, phenomena, or processes from space or the atmosphere, recorded by detecting electromagnetic radiation on the ground across various spectral ranges. The involvement of various platforms (providers) of surveillance equipment makes it possible to divide them into: space, aerial photography, and images from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). As a technology justified on security grounds, UAVs show great promise in many areas of application. Effective planning of drone missions allows for the collection of larger sets of data with a higher level of detail and in a shorter period of time. The continuity of information collection for a given territory allows for the most accurate and reliable three-dimensional modelling, spatial analysis and geostatistics of the local situation.

The history of active mine use spans nearly two centuries. In this relatively short historical period, mines have become a global problem. Explosive objects and mines, remnants of wars and military conflicts, continue to pose a threat to people residing in these areas for a long time. As of the beginning of 2023, the State Emergency Service of Ukraine reported that approximately 40% of the territory (over 250,000 km2) had been mined. In terms of the extent of mined land, the United Nations classifies Ukraine among the most heavily mined countries. The scale of mine contamination surpasses countries where military conflicts have lasted for decades. The invention and improvement of mines have contributed to the development of methods to counter them. Today, more than fifty different methods and their modifications are known, but none guarantee a 100% success rate, underscoring the relevance of further scientific research. The creation and use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been a significant breakthrough in the field of intellectual achievements. Innovations manifest in all aspects, from modern composite materials to state-of-the-art navigation equipment and software. UAVs are actively deployed in various areas of human activity, demonstrating excellent results. The primary advantage of UAVs in humanitarian demining is the safety they provide, allowing individuals to operate in hazardous conditions beyond physiological and psychophysiological capabilities. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a relatively new combination of information and telecommunications technologies whose popularity is rapidly growing, opening up previously unexplored possibilities for practical applications. UAV and IoT technologies do not fall into the traditional classification of humanitarian demining methods. However, they serve as a connecting link for implementing, based on them or with their direct participation, other technological solutions (including geoinformation system (GIS), neural networks, artificial intelligence, Big Data, etc.). The prospects of implementing 5G communication networks in Ukraine will enhance spatial accuracy when combining both technologies, which is especially crucial for humanitarian demining. The recent advancements in communication technologies, such as 5G, and programs like the IoT, play a crucial role in aerial communication using UAVs. Depending on the application and operational region, UAVs have also been utilized to enhance coverage and throughput in 5G wireless communication. In such cases, UAVs act as intermediate nodes or flying base stations. This helps conduct operations in remote and challenging-to-reach locations. The idea of integrating cloud computing with UAVs enhances their role by providing additional computational capabilities.

Coded radar reflectors are increasingly employed in applications requiring reliable identification, tracking, and improved signal integrity. In contrast to conventional active transponders, passive solutions offer greater robustness by placing the task of information retrieval on the radar interrogation system, thereby supporting the joint communication paradigm of enhancing the capabilities of existing channels. We introduce passive radar QR codes composed of engineered metasurface pixels, designed to interface with automotive FMCW radar systems widely deployed on modern vehicle platforms to enhance road safety. Designed for the 76-81 GHz automotive range, the metasurface pixels generate a strong reflection phase gradient across the band. We demonstrate that FMCW signal processing, which maps phase information to estimated range, interprets a phase chirp as an artificial shift in the detected target distance. Consequently, metasurfaces with distinct phase chirps encode information analogous to Braille, enabling radar systems with adequate angular resolution to decode them as QR codes. We validated this concept by designing and fabricating several phase-chirped metasurfaces on PCB substrates and characterizing their performance in an anechoic chamber. The single-ring metasurface design achieves approximately 330° of phase excursion and yields a measured artificial range shift of 7.43 cm over a 500 MHz band centered at 80 GHz. Multiple QR code patterns were constructed and successfully detected. To expand the dataset, data augmentation techniques were applied, and a custom-designed convolutional neural network (CNN) demonstrated strong detection capabilities for the proposed system. On an augmented dataset of 1024 QR code samples represented as 224×224×3 heatmaps, a ResNet50V2-based CNN exceeds 85% classification accuracy at SNR values of 10-15 dB and achieves a pixel position mean absolute error below 10% at SNR values above 15 dB. Radar QR codes hold promises for serving as passive Vehicle Identification Numbers (VINs), enabling direct interrogation by standard automotive radar systems and paving the way for secure, infrastructure-independent identification in future autonomous mobility scenarios.