Libya is primarily concerned with the green economy as it relies on a single source of national income and a single source of energy. It loses its national income source as industrial countries abandon fossil fuels and replace them with environmentally friendly alternative energy sources. Therefore, Libya must begin the battle for green economy transformation, and policymakers need to develop strategies for a rapid and safe transition to sustainable green development. This research outlines the basic framework for green economy transition strategies by reviewing other countries' experiences and theoretical studies. It proposes a temporal and financial transformation plan that includes three paths to achieve the green economy transition. The first path involves reducing emissions by using natural gas instead of oil fuel and introducing carbon capture systems in polluting systems. The second path suggests increasing the contribution of zero-emission technologies in the energy mix, such as solar energy, wind energy, and hydrogen. The third path involves enhancing negative emission environmental systems like reforestation and algae cultivation, localizing renewable and environmentally friendly energy industries, and facilitating investment in zero and negative emission projects. This path also aims to achieve sustainable development by utilizing oil in petrochemical industries, which will generate more revenue and jobs than burning it for energy production. To implement this strategic plan, $8.3 billion needs to be allocated for installing carbon capture systems on all electric power plants, plus approximately $7 million in annual payments for maintenance and operation. Additionally, around $39.5 billion is required to establish concentrated solar power plants and use them as a sustainable clean fuel instead of fossil fuels, with annual payments for operation and maintenance estimated at approximately $735 million. Furthermore, about $2.1 million is needed for investment in negative emission environmental systems such as forests, and around $2.5 million in annual payments for managing approximately 20,400 hectares of forests, which will achieve net-zero carbon for the current electric power industry.

Nuclear power plays a pivotal role in sustainable electricity generation and global net zero emissions, contributing significantly to this secure pathway. Nuclear power capacity is expected to double, escalating from 413 gigawatts (GW) in early 2022 to 812 GW by 2050 within the net zero emissions (NZE) paradigm. The global energy landscape is undergoing significant transformation as nations strive to transition to more sustainable energy systems. Amidst this shift, nuclear power has emerged as a crucial component in the pursuit of a sustainable energy transition. This study examines nuclear power's multifaceted role in shaping sustainable energy transition. It delves into nuclear energy's contributions toward decarbonization efforts, highlighting its capacity to provide low-carbon electricity and its potential role in mitigating climate change. Furthermore, the study explores the challenges and opportunities associated with integrating nuclear power into energy transition strategies, addressing issues such as safety, waste management, and public perception. In conclusion, the global nuclear power capacity is anticipated to reach approximately 530 GW by 2050, representing a substantial shortfall of 35% compared with the trajectory outlined in the NZE pathway. Under the NZE scenario, nuclear power demonstrates exceptional expansion, nearly doubling from 413 GW in early 2022 to 812 GW by 2050. Concurrently, the trajectory highlights a transformative shift in renewable energy investments, with annual expenditures surging from an average of US$325 billion during 2016–2020 to an impressive US$1.3 trillion between 2031 and 2035. These projections underscore the critical role of nuclear and renewable energy investments in achieving global sustainability and emission reduction goals.

Renewable energy systems have emerged as a viable option to mitigate the environmental impacts of traditional fossil fuels. However, the intermittent nature of these renewables, such as solar and wind, makes it challenging to ensure a stable energy supply using only one type. Therefore, combining more than a single technology offers significant advantages in addressing the limitations associated with each individual system. Nevertheless, developing these systems requires substantial financial investments, making it crucial to identify the most suitable locations prior to installing them. In this article, the prime objective was to propose a preliminary evaluation of land suitability for constructing solar and wind hybrid facilities (PV–wind, PV–CSP, and CS–wind) in Tataouine, southern Tunisia. To this end, a GIS-based MCDA methodology was developed based on an extensive literature review and experts’ feedback while considering climate, topography, accessibility, and environmental factors. The results obtained revealed that the optimal area for a CSP–PV hybrid system is about 793 km², indicating that this combination has the highest potential in terms of available resources and compatibility. On the other hand, well-suited locations for hosting CSP–wind and PV–wind systems covered areas of 412 and 333 km², respectively. Such specific locations are capable of generating an annual technical potential of 316.169, 91.252, and 62.970 TWh for CSP–PV, CSP–wind, and PV–wind, respectively. Interestingly, comprising almost all of the most appropriate sites, Remada and Dhiba stand as the ideal locations for accommodating such hybrid systems. Considering this outcome, Tataouine can position itself as a model for renewable energy adoption in Tunisia. Therefore, it is imperative for policymakers, investors, and local communities to collaborate and embrace these hybrid systems to capitalize on this immense potential and pave the way for a greener and more prosperous future.

The unpredictable nature of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind, raises concerns about consistent power supply based on a single type. Green hydrogen presents a promising solution to mitigate the environmental effects of fossil fuels and control the unpredictability of renewable energy sources. Yet, developing green hydrogen systems mandates immense financial commitments, vitally stressing the importance of determining the most appropriate locations before constructing them. As such, the primary purpose of this paper was to propose an initial spatial analysis and prioritize the most suitable locations for installing solar-based green hydrogen systems in Tunisia. For this reason, an exhaustive literature survey was conducted to develop a GIS-based MCDM approach, taking into account technical, topography, environmental, and accessibility criteria. Then, EDAS, ARAS, MOORA, and COPRAS techniques were used to rank the most promising sites resulting from the previous stage. The study revealed that sites of high suitability, primarily in the southeastern and southwestern parts of Tunisia, spanned a total area of 1591 km² (0.78%). Among such regions, Sfax, Monastir, and Sousse appeared to hold the top ranking as the most suitable locations for solar-based hydrogen. The “most suitable” sites had a hydrogen potential capacity of 9910 Mt per year, with Sfax, Monastir, and Sousse accounting for 14.5% of that capacity. By tapping into this immense potential and embracing the green hydrogen industry, Tunisia has the opportunity to lead in renewable energy adoption. This move could help ensure energy security, reduce dependence on imports, stimulate economic growth, and steer the nation toward a more sustainable and prosperous future.