Augmented reality (AR) has attracted significant attention and has become an important topic for many professionals and researchers. This is due to the capability of AR to offer a multitude of advantages that can enrich various domains of life. In education, AR technology has been increasingly used to create new learning experiences and transform real 3D (three-dimensional) or 2D (two-dimensional) objects into virtual elements, capturing users’ interests and motivation while fostering the growth of various human abilities and attitudes. The integration and use of educational games and applications based on AR in mathematics education have historically grown, and their impact has been beneficial for teaching mathematics and creating effective pedagogical scenarios. This paper presents an experiment we will undertake with our educational mobile application, GeoFormeAR, to animate a lesson on “Cylinder and Prism” and then compare it with a similar lesson delivered using the traditional approach in the second class. A post-test was administered to measure the students’ understanding and application of geometric concepts. Additionally, a questionnaire was distributed to collect the students’ perceptions of usability and engagement. The results of this study indicate a significant difference in performance scores between students using the GeoFormeAR mobile application and those learning geometry using traditional methods. Moreover, the questionnaire results reveal positive student perceptions regarding the usability and engagement of the GeoFormeAR mobile application. In conclusion, this study aims to broaden the scope of future vision on the conceptions and adoption of AR in mathematics teaching and learning.

This study investigates how and under what conditions transformational leadership (TL) enhances employee productivity in large Moroccan companies. Based on a cross-sectional survey of 226 employees, the measurement model was validated through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural relationships were estimated using partial least-squares path modeling (PLS-PM). The results show that only intellectual stimulation has a direct, positive, and significant impact on productivity. In contrast, other TL dimensions exhibit contingent effects: idealized influence is more effective among older employees, while individualized consideration shows gender-dependent outcomes. These findings support a contingency-based view of TL, highlighting the boundary conditions under which leadership translates into productivity and providing context-specific evidence from Morocco. Although the study relies on a convenience sample, limiting statistical generalization, subgroup and bootstrap analyses confirm the stability of the key relationships. Future research should explore indirect mechanisms (e.g., engagement or organizational citizenship behavior) and use probability-based or longitudinal designs to strengthen external validity.

This paper examines the interdependencies between Bitcoin and gold within the context of Bitcoin halving cycles. Using a comprehensive econometric approach, including cointegration tests, VAR and VECM models, DCC-GARCH modeling, and wavelet coherence analysis, we investigate short- and long-term dynamics linking these two assets.Our findings indicate that, over the long term, Bitcoin exhibits characteristics similar to gold as a safe haven despite its high volatility and sensitivity to short-term shocks. Moreover, the incorporation of macroeconomic variables, such as stock market indices and oil prices, highlights the significant influence of broader economic conditions on this relationship. These results suggest that while Bitcoin may serve as a complementary asset to gold in diversified portfolios, prudent management is essential to mitigate the risks associated with its speculative nature.