Patent profits that the sum of the benefits obtained by patent owners and related stakeholders are the basic issues of the regulation of patent system and policies. Patent profitability is the comprehensive reflection of the R&D level of innovators and a country’s technology transformation environment. A correct understanding of the patent profitability is helpful to the formulation of innovation policies and firm management. In this study, The patents whose maintenance time was about 20 years were defined as profitable patents. Based on the big data analysis of the granted patents from the five top patent offices in the 1990s, the patent subject profitability of different countries was compared. From the perspective of profit time, the patent subject profitability of China was similar to that of Japan and Europe. The patent subjects of the United States had the highest level of profitability, while the South Korea’s had the worst. It should not be considered that China’s patent subject profitability is much lower than other developed countries or regions. But there is still large place to improve.

Emerging technologies have made copyright licensing more complex and involved a broader range of stakeholders, disrupting the traditional balance between licensing and information sharing. At the same time, they have fostered innovation in licensing models to better support the dissemination of information. One promising approach to addressing the key challenges of copyright licensing in the digital era is the use of blockchain-based digital licensing. By examining blockchain through the lenses of its technological foundation, business applications, and new forms of production relationships, this paper explores how its core features—decentralization, trustlessness, traceability, and immutability—align with the needs of copyright licensing. It argues for the legitimacy of blockchain’s role in this domain, highlighting how decentralization supports the foundational goals of copyright licensing, how smart contracts align with established licensing procedures, and how blockchain enforces contractual obligations and equitably distributes benefits through consensus mechanisms. The paper proposes a blockchain-driven digital copyright licensing model that integrates decentralized registration and verification, smart contract-based rights allocation and management, and a redefined licensing marketplace.

China’s significant carbon emissions have attracted global attention, and the country has committed to reaching a peak in carbon emissions before 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality by 2060. It is crucial to achieve this goal by effectively controlling the combustion of primary fuels and developing alternative energy technologies. The existing literature has studied the effects of primary energy consumption on CO₂ emissions, alternative energy technology on CO₂ emissions, and energy patents on CO₂ emissions. However, there are few studies on the effects of the relationship between primary energy consumption and alternative energy technology patents. This study analyzes the effects of primary energy consumption and alternative energy patents on CO₂ emission intensity and CO₂ emissions per capita, and their relationship using canonical correlation analysis. Our results are as follows. First, CO₂ emissions from natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas have positive effects (correlation coefficients of 0.102 and 0.275, respectively), while CO₂ emissions from gasoline, fuel oil, diesel, and kerosene have negative effects on CO₂ emission intensity (correlation coefficients of −0.767, −0.420, −0.138, and −0.035, respectively). Second, patents for devices for producing mechanical power from muscle energy have large positive effects on total CO₂ emissions (correlation coefficient of 0.533). Finally, the more the patents utilize waste heat, geothermal energy, hydro energy, and wind energy, the higher the CO₂ emissions from liquefied petroleum gas, gasoline, and crude oil, and the lower the CO₂ emissions from diesel, which are conducive to controlling CO₂ emissions. Therefore, energy policies will be more effective, improve the living environment, and promote sustainable development based on the CO₂ emissions level from primary energy consumption and the control degree of CO₂ emissions by alternative energy.

This study analyzes the effects of primary energy consumption and alternative energy patents on CO2 emission intensity and CO2 emissions per capita, and their relationship using canonical correlation analysis. Our results are as follows. First, CO2 emissions from natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas have positive effects, while CO2 emissions from gasoline, fuel oil, diesel, and kerosene have negative effects on CO2 emission intensity. Second, patents for devices for producing mechanical power from muscle energy have large positive effects. Finally, the more the patents use waste heat, geothermal energy, hydro energy, and wind energy, the higher the CO2 emissions from liquefied petroleum gas, gasoline, and crude oil and the lower the CO2 emissions from diesel, which are conducive to controlling CO2 emissions. Therefore, energy policies will be more effective based on the CO2 “emissions” level from primary energy consumption and the “control” degree of CO2 emissions by alternative energy.