Objective: The study aims to investigate whether physical exercise is associated with psychological resilience, thereby significantly affecting adolescent social anxiety, and to analyze the longitudinal cross-temporal stability between these three interrelated factors. Methods: The methodology involved a survey utilizing the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and the Social Anxiety Scale (SAS) across various regions in China, including Sichuan, Guangdong, Shanxi Province, and Beijing. A total of 1259 participants were recruited from primary, middle, and high schools, with an average age of 13.7 years. The sample comprised 626 males and 633 females. A longitudinal tracking survey approach was implemented, commencing in June 2023, with follow-up rounds scheduled every three months, culminating in a total of four rounds. Results: The results are as follows: (1) Physical exercise was significantly positively correlated with psychological resilience (r = 0.35, p < 0.001) and significantly negatively correlated with social anxiety (r = − 0.26, p < 0.001); (2) Physical exercise could significantly negatively predict social anxiety in the next period (PET1 → SAT2: β = − 0.31, p < 0.001); (3) Psychological resilience played a mediating role in the association between physical exercise on social anxiety (PET1 → PRT2: β = 0.42, PRT2 → SAT3: β = − 0.38, p-values < 0.001). Conclusion: Physical exercise, psychological resilience, and social anxiety exhibit cross-temporal stability, and physical exercise has a significant lagged effect on psychological resilience and social anxiety. Physical exercise may indirectly reduce social anxiety through its association with enhanced psychological resilience in adolescents.

Background: This study explored the impact of physical exercise on internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors among Chinese middle school students. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 6368 middle school students from Sichuan, Guangdong, Shandong, Henan, and Jiangxi provinces, using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Achenbach Youth Self-Report (YSR), and Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scales (DASS). Latent class analysis, multiple linear regression, and Kendall’s tau coefficient tests were employed to analyze the data. Results: Physical exercise significantly reduced externalizing problem behaviors, including impulsivity (β = 0.188, p < 0.001), hostility (β = 0.129, p < 0.001), and aggressiveness (β = 0.158, p < 0.001), and also alleviated depression (β = 0.087, p < 0.01). Latent class analysis revealed that students with high levels of exercise had significantly fewer externalizing behaviors compared to low-level exercisers (p < 0.001). High-intensity exercise had greater effects, particularly on impulsivity and hostility. Rural male students exhibited higher levels of aggressiveness and hostility, while urban female students benefited more from exercise interventions. Conclusion: Physical exercise has a significant positive impact on reducing externalizing problem behaviors, especially impulsivity, hostility, and aggressiveness, among middle school students. However, its effects on internalizing behaviors are relatively limited. Intervention strategies should consider individual characteristics such as gender and location to maximize effectiveness.

Although the nexus between Body Mass Index (BMI) and the physical fitness of the younger demographic has been well-documented, a comprehensive examination of this relationship among children from ethnic minority communities remains unexplored. This study aims to delineate the association between BMI and physical fitness among primary school students in Sichuan’s ethnic minority regions, offering insights to inform health policy tailored to these communities. Utilizing a randomized cluster sampling approach, the study was conducted across ethnic minority regions in Sichuan Province from September to October 2023, encompassing a cohort of 10,800 students from Grade 3 to Grade 6. A spectrum of physical metrics was assessed, including BMI, lung capacity, 50-m sprint, sit-and-reach, rope jumping, abdominal crunches, and shuttle run. Quantile regression analysis was applied, pinpointing 10 BMI quantiles to scrutinize the influence of physical fitness indicators across varying BMI thresholds. The results of the study are as follows: (1) A nonlinear dynamic was identified between BMI and physical fitness indicators, with lung capacity demonstrating robust positive correlation with BMI within the intermediate range (45 th to 55 th percentiles) (β = 0.42, p < 0.001), diminishing at the extremes; (2) The 50-m sprint and standing long jump exhibited divergent correlations with BMI, with the sprint showing negative correlation at lower BMI quantiles (5 th to 25 th) and positive at higher quantiles (75 th to 95 th). Conversely, the standing long jump correlated positively within the 10 th to 30 th percentiles and negatively above the 80 th percentile; (3) Pronounced ethnic disparities were noted, particularly with Tibetan students excelling in lung capacity at elevated BMI quantiles (> 80%), showcasing a β difference of 0.15 to 0.23, p < 0.05. (1) The correlation between Body Mass Index (BMI) and physical fitness among primary school students from ethnic minorities in Sichuan is not only nonlinear but also exhibits substantial ethnic diversity; (2) An intermediate BMI range—spanning from the 35 th to the 65 th percentiles—correlates most favorably with a broad spectrum of physical fitness indicators.

Background: With the rapid growth of internet usage, adolescent cyberbullying has become a pressing issue. This study examines the longitudinal impact of leisure-time physical activity and peer relationships on cyberbullying... | Find, read and cite all the research you need on Tech Science Press

Despite harsh parenting has been found to increase the risk of developing cyberbullying, there is still a gap in understanding the complex interplay betwee