Recent years have witnessed a series of numerous investigative activities to improve existing metallic biomaterials (Ti and Ti alloys, stainless steels, Mg and Fe alloys) by their nanostructuring for advanced medical applications using severe plastic deformation (SPD) processing. Nanostructured metals are peculiar for their enhanced strength and fatigue life, which makes them an excellent choice for fabrication of implants with improved design for dentistry and orthopedics. Moreover, surface modification of nanometals by chemical etching and bioactive coatings show a significant improvement of biomedical properties. Various studies conducted in this field make it possible to fabricate miniaturized dental implants and nanoTi plates with enhanced osseointegration.