Farmers do not yet have extensive knowledge on the production economic. Therefore, the effectiveness of social forestry (SF) practices in providing economic benefits is still questionable. The study aimed to analyze the economic scale of SF as a lessons for the acceleration of land allocation of SF program. The study was focused on two schemes (community forestry and partnership), and two models of commodity (agroforestry and ecotourism). Study were located in six villages in DI Yogyakarta and East Nusa Tenggara. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interview, and documentation study. Economic scale was analyzed by break even point with profit contribution. The results showed that the economic scale on agroforestry was between 0.169.33 hectare, influenced by commodity preference especially multi purposes tree species. While economic scale for ecotourism was at least 542,897 visitors a year, and affected by number of ecotourism attraction. This study implies to provide policy recommendations: (1) ecotourism will be effective when it is conducted in the forest areas which have multi-attraction spots, and managed by community group with strong network, (2) the permit of timber harvesting within SF area must be easier and more open, and (3) the minimum area adjusted to the commodity as an important consideration for proposing SF.

Felling of natural forest trees in West Papua Province is carried out mechanically using a chainsaw by applying a selective cutting silviculture system. This study aimed to determine the elements of working time, productivity, and cost of felling as well as factors influencing felling activities using the chainsaw in the tropical natural forests in West Papua, Indonesia. The felled trees are dominated by the meranti wood species group with a minimum diameter of 45 cm. The average volume of the felled tree is about 4.205 m³/tree. The result showed that total felling time ranged from 15.3 to 18.3 min/tree with an average of 16.7 min/tree. The effective felling time was 11.8 min/tree (70.86%) and the delay time was 4.9 min/tree (29.14%). Felling time in making undercuts was on average 1.7 min/tree (9.98%), longer than back cuts time of 1.10 min/tree (6.39%). Total felling time was influenced by various variables: tree diameter, buttress height, and slope. Felling productivity was accounted for between 14.901 m³/h and 17.067 m³/h (15.778 m³/h on average). Felling costs ranged from 3.366 USD/h to 3.473 USD/h with an average of 3.407 USD/h or equivalent to 0.209 USD/m³ to 0.238 USD/m³ with an average of 0.225 USD/m³. To improve the effectiveness of felling time and productivity, this study suggests (1) upgrading the skills of the chainsaw operators through formal or in-house training in felling techniques, and (2) ensuring chainsaw operators bring a tree distribution map completed by field conditions information.

There is a little empirical evidence on how REDD+ can work through existing property rights that define Indonesian forests. This article focuses on assessing the effectiveness of existing forest property rights in local forest institutions within a REDD+ framework. The study focuses on two local forest institutions: Forest Management Unit (FMU) of Berau Barat, and Merabu Village Forest. Within these forest landscapes, households within three villages were selected for interview and household survey collection. This research first examines the bundle of rights allotted to households by examining the content of formal rules enacted for Forest Management Units and Village Forests. Specifically, these different forest property types were assessed for the ability of local forest institutions to control additionality, leakage, and permanence. The results of formal policy were then compared to data collected from households within the forest landscape of Berau, East Kalimantan. This comparison finds that Merabu Village Forest provides higher forest tenure security than the FMU of Berau Barat. Further, forest rights from Merabu Village Forest are more likely to promote REDD+ outcomes, indicated by the ability for local authority to control additionality, leakage, and permanence. Finally, this research finds increasing capacity to manage leakage, integrate national and local tenure efforts, include local knowledge, law enforcement capacity, and community awareness.