We report the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) for measuring dextrorotatory-glucose (D-glucose) in liquid phantoms and in drawn blood based on temporal dynamics of light scattering. The presence of D-glucose alters the medium viscosity, thus affecting the Brownian motion of the scatterers (polystyrene microspheres (PMS) in phantoms, red blood cells (RBCs) in blood) as measured by OCT. To quantify the effect, the signal autocorrelation functions were measured from M-mode OCT data and exponentially fit to obtain the decorrelation times. These were then related to translational (and rotational, in case of asymmetric scatterers) diffusion coefficients which enabled the determination of D-glucose-controlled medium viscosity. Obtained viscosily values agreed well with the literature, and showed expected increase with D-glucose concentrations. Whole blood smears were imaged with microscope and another effect of added glucose, that of red blood cell deformation, was also observed. This phantom and blood OCT study demonstrates the technique’s ability to detect and quantify D-glucose presence in non-flowing liquid suspensions, and suggests several additional research routes necessary to determine its potential for in vivo applications.

Characterization of tissues like brain by using magnetic resonance (MR) images and colorization of the gray scale image has been reported in the literature, along with the advantages and drawbacks. Here, we present two independent methods; (i) a novel colorization method to underscore the variability in brain MR images, indicative of the underlying physical density of bio tissue, (ii) a segmentation method (both hard and soft segmentation) to characterize gray brain MR images. The segmented images are then transformed into color using the above-mentioned colorization method, yielding promising results for manual tracing. Our color transformation incorporates the voxel classification by matching the luminance of voxels of the source MR image and provided color image by measuring the distance between them. The segmentation method is based on single-phase clustering for 2D and 3D image segmentation with a new auto centroid selection method, which divides the image into three distinct regions (gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using prior anatomical knowledge). Results have been successfully validated on human T2-weighted (T2) brain MR images. The proposed method can be potentially applied to gray-scale images from other imaging modalities, in bringing out additional diagnostic tissue information contained in the colorized image processing approach as described.

This innovative work aims to develop highly biocompatible and degradable nanoparticles by encapsulating haemoglobin (Hb) within poly-ε-caprolactone for novel biomedical applications. We used a modified double emulsion solvent evaporation method to fabricate the particles. A Scanning electron microscope (SEM) characterized them for surface morphology. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopies (UV–visible) elucidated preserved chemical and biological structure of encapsulated haemoglobin. The airproof equilibrium apparatus obtained the oxygen-carrying capacity and P₅₀ values. The DPPH assay assessed free radical scavenging potential. The antibacterial properties were observed using four different bacterial strains by disk diffusion method. The MTT assay investigates the cytotoxic effects on mouse fibroblast cultured cell lines (L-929). The MTT assay showed that nanoparticles have no toxicity over large concentrations. The well-preserved structure of Hb within particles, no toxicity, high oxygen affinity, P₅₀ value, and IC50 values open the area of new research, which may be used as artificial oxygen carriers, antioxidant, and antibacterial agents, potential therapeutic agents as well as drug carrier particles to treat the cancerous cells. The novelty of this work is the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of developed nanoparticles are not been reported yet. Results showed that the prepared particles have strong antioxidant and antibacterial potential.