Background: Youths' online problematic behaviors, such as smartphone or social network sites (SNS) addiction, gained increasing attention nowadays, due to their impact on concurrent and later adjustment, such as emotional and/or behavioral problems, academic impairments, or relational issues.Aims: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a pilot school‐based intervention to contrast online addictive behaviors while fostering adolescents' self‐regulative abilities.Materials & Methods: The intervention started in January 2022 in an Italian junior high school located in Rome, and consisted of four meetings with students. A total sample of 462 15‐year‐old adolescents (M_age = 15.2; SD = 0.50; 41% females; N_control = 214; N_intervention = 248) was considered. Within the latent difference score framework, we examined short‐term changes from the pre‐to‐the‐postintervention levels of SNS and smartphone addiction, and self‐regulatory self‐efficacy (SRSE) beliefs as a possible booster of the intervention's effectiveness.Results: Results showed a significant decrease in both online addictions (SNS and smartphone addiction), controlling for age, gender, sexual orientation, and socioeconomic status, because of the short‐term efficacy of the project. The buffering effect of SRSE beliefs was further supported.Conclusion: These findings emphasized the usefulness of promoting youths' self‐regulative beliefs to contrast problematic tendencies, according to a Positive Youth Development perspective which focused on resources rather than only on the prevention of negative outcomes for youths' adjustment.

Introduction: Existing literature has highlighted the relevance of Pro‐environmental behaviors (PEBs)—actions intended to benefit the environment—to Eudaimonic well‐being (EWB, i.e., meaning in life and connectedness to others). However, most research has focused on stable individual differences and utilized cross‐sectional designs, giving limited attention to the momentary fluctuations of PEBs within individuals. This study aimed to investigate the daily impact of PEBs on EWB from a causal perspective, examining whether manipulating daily PEBs would result in higher levels of EWB on those days. Method: We adopted the Within‐Person Encouragement Design, an experimental approach employing instrumental variable estimation, in a Dynamic Structural Equation Modeling framework. Participants were 63 Italian young adults assessed over 21 days and who received 11 randomized encouragements (i.e., “Today we ask you to implement more pro‐environmental actions than you would normally enact on a typical day”). Results: A significant positive adherence effect of the encouragement on PEB, and a significant positive treatment effect of PEB on EWB was found. Conclusion: These findings are promising for advancing successful behavioral interventions designed to encourage daily PEBs in younger generations and highlight the importance of PEBs for experiencing a more meaningful life and enhanced connectedness with others.

Depression in adolescents has been linked to poor life outcomes, including suicidal ideation, peer victimization, and fewer friendships. Less is known about how depressed adolescents perceive their peer interactions. Based on the depression-distortion model, we expected that adolescents with depressive symptoms misperceive their social ties by being less likely to like some peers, and more likely to dislike other peers. An Italian dataset about adolescent relationships was used, including 275 first-year secondary school students (M age = 11.80, 46% female) in 12 classrooms across nine schools. Adolescents were asked to nominate classmates they liked and disliked. Longitudinal social network analyses (stochastic actor-oriented models) were conducted, including structural network effects (reciprocity, transitivity, indegree-popularity) and covariates such as gender, immigrant origin, and highest parents’ education level. The results indicated that adolescents with depressive symptoms were less likely to send liking nominations, and conversely, they were more likely to send disliking nominations than non-depressed classmates. Interestingly, adolescents with depressive symptoms were not more disliked or less liked by their peers. These findings seem to support the depression-distortion model by suggesting that, compared to non-depressed peers, adolescents with depressive symptoms misperceive their relationships by overstating negative relationships and underestimating positive ones.

Background and Aims: Medical students and junior doctors undergo rigorous acad emic, clinical and personal demands during early adulthood, a period characterized by identity formation and major life transitions. These pressures contribute to high rates of burnout, diminished motivation and impaired professional development. Personality traits and integrated personality profiles are increasingly recognized as influential factors shaping individuals' responses to stress, sense of vocational calling and career trajectories. However, few studies have simultaneously applied both variable‐centered and person‐centered approaches within a theoretically grounded framework. This study aims to examine how Cloninger's temperament and character dimensions, as well as validated personality profiles, relate to burnout, sense of calling, research proclivity, and career preferences among medical students and junior doctors in New Zealand. Methods: This cross‐sectional study surveyed medical students from all three campuses of the University of Otago and junior doctors working at Health New Zealand—Christchurch hospitals. Participants completed validated measures of burnout, personality (TCI‐R) and sense of calling, alongside demographic and career preference items. Two‐Step Cluster Analyzes were used to derive temperament, character and integrated personality profiles, constrained to replicate Cloninger's empirically established configurations. Personality profiles were validated using multivariate analyzes of variance. Associations between personality, calling and burnout were examined using correlations, ANOVAs and multiple regressions. Hierarchical regressions assessed whether sense of calling explained additional variance in burnout beyond personality traits. Conclusion: This study provides a comprehensive investigation of the interplay between personality, sense of calling, and burnout within a large cohort of New Zealand medical trainees. By integrating established personality profiles with contemporary educational outcomes, findings are expected to contribute to a better understanding of the associations between these factors, and to inform future research and educational strategies aimed at supporting well‐being, professional identity and sustainable career development.