In medicine, Artificial intelligence has begun to be utilized in nearly every domain, from medical devices to the interpretation of imaging studies. There is still a need for more experience and more studies related to the comprehensive use of AI in medicine. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the ability of AI to make decisions regarding anesthesia methods and to compare the most popular AI programs from this perspective. The study included orthopedic patients over 18 years of age scheduled for limb surgery within a 1-month period. Patients classified as ASA I-III who were evaluated in the anesthesia clinic during the preoperative period were included in the study. The anesthesia method preferred by the anesthesiologist during the operation and the patient’s demographic data, comorbidities, medications, and surgical history were recorded. The obtained patient data were discussed as if presenting a patient scenario using the free versions of the ChatGPT, Copilot, and Gemini applications by a different anesthesiologist who did not perform the operation. Over the course of 1 month, a total of 72 patients were enrolled in the study. It was observed that both the anesthesia specialists and the Gemini application chose spinal anesthesia for the same patient in 68.5% of cases. This rate was higher compared to the other AI applications. For patients taking medication, it was observed that the Gemini application presented choices that were highly compatible (85.7%) with the anesthesiologists’ preferences. AI cannot fully master the guidelines and exceptional and specific cases that arrive in the course of medical treatment. Thus, we believe that AI can serve as a valuable assistant rather than replacing doctors.

Background and Objectives: Postoperative femur fracture in elderly patients is associated with high morbidity and mortality, especially in the intensive care unit (ICU). Various factors, including demographic and laboratory parameters, may influence mortality in this population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of inflammatory and metabolic markers with mortality in ICU patients with postoperative femur fractures and to identify key predictors to enhance risk stratification and improve patient outcomes. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective single-center study, we analyzed 121 patients aged over 65 years with postoperative femur fractures who were admitted to the ICU between January 2023 and January 2024. Demographic and clinical data, including comorbidities, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) score, were collected. Laboratory parameters such as white blood cell count (WBC), albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, Pan-Immune-Inflammation Value (PIV), CRP-to-albumin ratio (CAR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and others were analyzed. Linear regression, logistic regression, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed to determine the predictive value of these markers for ICU mortality. Results: The mean age of the patients was 76.3 ± 9.6 years, and 52.1% were female. The most common comorbidities were hypertension (67.8%) and diabetes (49.6%). ICU mortality occurred in 24 patients (20%). Significant predictors of mortality included higher CRP (>62.8 mg/L), NLR (>10.0), PIV (>450), and APACHE II scores (>23) (p < 0.001 for all). Lower albumin levels (<2.5 g/dL) were strongly associated with increased mortality (p < 0.001). ROC analysis demonstrated that the APACHE II score had the highest predictive accuracy for mortality (AUC = 0.83), followed by albumin (AUC = 0.79) and PIV (AUC = 0.76). Extended ICU stay (>10 days) was also significantly correlated with increased mortality (p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study successfully demonstrates the utility of combining traditional clinical markers, such as APACHE II score, with novel inflammatory markers, such as PIV, CAR, and NLR, in predicting mortality in ICU patients following femur fracture surgery. The integration of emerging biomarkers with well-established scoring systems offers enhanced predictive accuracy and provides valuable insights into patient management.

Amaç: Blok başarısının değerlendirilmesi kullanılan için geleneksel yöntemler zaman alıcıdır ve hasta kooperasyonuna ihtiyaç duyar. Bu çalışmanın amacı Perfüzyon İndeksi ve Pletismografik Variabilite İndeksinin brakiyal sinir blokajının başarısını tahmin etmek için kullanılıp kullanılamayacağını değerlendirmektir. Materyal ve metod: Bu çalışmaya 18-65 yaş arası, elektif veya acil cerrahi operasyona alınan 34 hasta dahil edildi. Brakial pleksus bloğu uygulandı. Kardiyak hastalığı, kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı ve astım hastalığı olanlar çalışma dışı bırakıldı. Hastaların yatak başı, noninvaziv, seri pletismografik variabilite indeksi (PVI) ve perfüzyon indeksi (PI) ölçümleri, blok uygulanan elin dördüncü parmak ucundan Radical-97 Pulse Oksimetre cihazı kullanılarak yapıldı. Bulgular: Blok yapılan koldan ölçülen PVI değerleri karşılaştırıldığında; 0 ile 5. dk, 5. dk ile 10. dk ve 0 ile 10.dk arasındaki farklılık istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulundu. PI değerleri 0 ve 5.dk, 5 ve 10.dk, 0 ve 10.dk olarak karşılaştırıldığında değişimler istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulundu. ( p<0.05) Sonuç: Çalışmamızda PI ve PVI değerindeki değişimlerin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu görüldü. ( p<0.05) PVI ve PI arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı korelasyon saptanmadı.

Background and Objectives: When pacemakers were first introduced, their indications and implantation techniques were quite limited. Over 400,000 permanent pacemakers are implanted annually worldwide, mostly under local anesthesia (LA), which is preferred for its hemodynamic stability. However, inadequate LA often leads to excessive use of local anesthetics or analgesics. This study evaluates the efficacy of combining interscalene brachial plexus block (ISB) and superficial cervical plexus block (SCPB) as regional anesthesia (RA) techniques during permanent pacemaker implantation compared to LA. Materials and Methods: A total of 42 patients were divided into RA and LA groups. The RA group underwent ISB and SCPB under ultrasound guidance, while the LA group received traditional local anesthetic methods. Results: The RA group exhibited superior pain control, reduced analgesic requirements, and higher satisfaction rates compared to the LA group. Ultrasound guidance enhanced block success rates and minimized complications. Conclusions: ISB and SCPB offer a superior alternative to LA for pacemaker implantation, especially in patients with anxiety or insufficient LA response.

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a genetic disorder characterized by spontaneous or post-traumatic bullae developed in the skin and mucous membranes. General characteristics of these patients: scars that limit the opening of the mouth, esophageal constriction, dehydration, malnutrition, anemia, hypoalbuminemia, electrolyte imbalance, thrombocytosis, and infections. Lesions that may spread throughout the body in cases with EB may lead to bleeding, scar tissues, contractures and edema, difficult airway, and difficult vascular access. The most important approach in these groups of patients who need anesthesia for treatment and therapeutic interventions is to protect the integrity of skin and mucous membranes, to secure a reliable airway, to prevent the loss of heat and liquid, and to provide efficient perioperative analgesia .¹ In this report, the anesthetic approach for two cases with an EB diagnosis is presented accompanied by the literature.Epidermolizis bülloza (EB), cilt ve mukozalarda kendiliğinden veya travma sonrası gelişen büllerle karakterize genetik geçişli bir hastalıktır. Bu hastaların genel özellikleri; ağız açıklığını kısıtlayan skarlar, özefageal darlıklar, dehidratasyon, malnütrisyon, anemi, hipoalbüminemi, elektrolit dengesizliği, trombositoz ve enfeksiyonlardır. EB?li olgularda vücudun geneline yayılabilen lezyonlar, kanama, skar dokusu, kontraktürler ve ödem, zor havayolu ve zor damar yolu erişimine neden olabilir. Tanı ve tedavi edici girişimler için anestezi alması gereken bu grup hastalardaki en önemli yaklaşım, cilt ve müköz membranların bütünlüğünün korunması, güvenli bir havayolu sağlanması, ısı ve sıvı kaybının önlenmesi ve etkili bir perioperatif analjezi sağlanmasıdır.¹ Bu yazıda EB tanısı konulmuş iki olguya uygulanan anestezik yaklaşım literatür eşliğinde sunulmuştur.