PFAS are found in soil, water bodies, food products, and the air. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic organofluorine chemicals that have carbon-fluorine (C-F) bonds that make CF₃ or CF₂ moieties in their molecular structures. ause the C–F bond is so strong and stable that it makes them very hard to break down. Because PFAS is found in in water, soil, and biota, especially in fish and other aquatic species. Human exposure to PFAS has been associated with adverse health effects, including immune system suppression and increased susceptibility to infections. This review examines PFAS to elucidate their environmental sources, physicochemical characteristics, analytical detection methods, and control strategies. Current detection techniques for PFAS in water, soil, and biological matrices are critically evaluated, with emphasis on advanced analytical approaches. In addition, existing remediation technologies such as electrocoagulation, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), high-pressure membrane separation, and adsorption are reviewed. Emerging remediation strategies, including metal–organic framework (MOF)-based adsorbents, mechanochemical degradation, and electron-beam treatment, are highlighted for their potential to overcome the limitations of conventional methods. Future methods for successful PFAS mitigation are also emphasized by discussing recent regulatory changes toward group-based PFAS management and sustainability-oriented policy frameworks.

Pelabuhan Branta, Pamekasan merupakan salah satu pintu gerbang ekonomi di Pulau Madura, sebagai tempat penghubung perpindahan barang kebutuhan pokok dari Probolinggo maupun sebaliknya. Pelabuhan ini juga digunakan sebagai sarana penunjang kegiatan perikanan tangkap di perairan selatan Kabupaten Pamekasan. Faktor keselamatan kapal dalam melakukan kegiatan di pelabuhan terhadap pendangkalan dalam area pelabuhan yang diakibatkan oleh sedimentasi perlu diperhatikan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui sebaran sedimen dasar dan perubahan dasar perairan berdasarkan hasil model. Pemodelan untuk mengetahui perubahan dasar perairan dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak MIKE21 modul Sand Transport dengan memasukkan data-data hasil survei lapangan seperti batimetri, pasang surut, arus, gelombang, debit sungai dan karakteristik sedimen dasar. Pemodelan dilakukan selama 31 hari (Oktober 2019). Analisa ukuran butir didapatkan bahwa sedimen dasar di Perairan Pelabuhan Branta berupa pasir, lanau pasiran dan lanau. Hasil pemodelan menunjukkan terjadi sedimentasi pada perairanh dekat pantai sebesar 0,0008 m – 0,02 m, dan terjadi erosi pada daerah laut sebesar 0,0023 m.

It is unknown how recurring flooding impacts household diet in Central Java. We aimed to assess how recurrent flooding influenced household food access over 22 years in Central Java by linking the Global Surface Water dataset (GSW) to the Indonesian Family Life Survey. We examined linear and nonlinear relationships and joint effects with indicators of adaptive capacity. We measured recurrent flooding as the fraction of district raster cells with episodic flooding from 1984–2015 using GSW. Food access outcomes were household food expenditure share (FES) and dietary diversity score (DDS). We fit generalized linear mixed models and random forest regression models. We detected joint effects with flooding and adaptive capacity. Wealth and access to credit were associated with improved FES and DDS. The effect of wealth on FES was stronger in households in more flood-affected districts, while access to credit was associated with reduced odds of DDS in more flood-affected districts. Flooding had more predictive importance for FES than for DDS. Access to credit, a factor that ordinarily improves food access, may not be effective in flood-prone areas. Wealthier households may be better able to adapt in terms of food access. Future research should incorporate land use data to understand how different locales are affected and further understand the complexity of these relationships.