Screening of complications is an important part of diabetes care. The aim of this study was to investigate diabetic complications and related risk factors in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). This cross-sectional study was conducted on type 1 diabetics who were over 11 years of age or had a diabetes duration of 2 years and included 155 adolescents with T1DM (67 male, 88 female). The mean age of the patients was 14.4±2.1 years. Mean diabetes duration was 6.3±2.9 years. The patients were screened for diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy and peripheral neuropathy. Mean glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level of the study group was 8.4%. The frequency of microalbuminuria and peripheral neuropathy were 16.1% and 0.6%, respectively. None of the patients had diabetic retinopathy. Dyslipidemia and hypertension rates were 30.3% and 12.3%, respectively. Risk factors associated with microalbuminuria were hypertension, higher HbA1c levels, longer diabetes duration and dyslipidemia. Early diagnosis and treatment of hypertension and dyslipidemia as well as achieving a better metabolic control are important in prevention or postponement of complications in patients with T1DM. Yearly screening for diabetic nephropathy should be started 2 years after the onset of the diabetes.

Background: Several studies have demonstrated a relationship between asthma and obesity. However, the results have been conflicting with regard to the relationship between fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), used as a marker of airway inflammation in asthmatic patients, and obesity. We aimed to evaluate the association of FeNO with obesity and obesity-related metabolic complications in asthmatic and nonasthmatic children. Methods: The study population included children aged between 6 and 17 years and consisted of 4 groups: obese asthmatics (n = 52), normal-weight asthmatics (n = 49), obese nonasthmatics (n = 51) and normal-weight nonasthmatics (n = 42). FeNO measurement and spirometry were performed for all patients. To evaluate the metabolic complications, serum lipids, glucose and insulin levels were measured. Insulin resistance (IR) was estimated by the homeostasis model assessment, HOMA-IR. All participants were evaluated for the presence of metabolic syndrome (MS). Results: The mean age for the 194 subjects participating in the study was 11.6 ± 2.5 years. The FeNO level of asthma patients with MS was not different from those without MS (14.5 ± 8.0 and 16.7 ± 8.7, respectively, p = 0.449). In the nonasthmatic group, subjects with MS had a higher FeNO level than subjects without MS (12.5 ± 5.1 and 17.3 ± 8.3, respectively, p = 0.014). Spearman's rank correlation coefficients revealed a positive correlation between FeNO and body mass index (BMI; p = 0.049, r2: 0.204) in the nonasthmatic group and after multivariate regression analysis, BMI still persisted as an independent risk factor for FeNO. Conclusion: We found a positive correlation between BMI and FeNO level which suggests a link between obesity and increased airway inflammation in nonasthmatic children.

Background: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) is a common condition in obese children. However, its effect on glucose and lipid metabolism in obese children remains controversial.Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate the association between SH and metabolic parameters.Methods: A total of 215 obese children and adolescents aged 6–18 years were included in this retrospective cross-sectional study. The patients’ anthropometric measurements such as thyrotropin (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), fasting plasma glucose, and insulin levels, as well as homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, and lipid profiles were evaluated. The patients were allocated to the SH group (fT4 normal, TSH 5–10 mIU/L) (n=77) or the control group (fT4 normal, TSH<5 mIU/L) (n=138). The glucose and lipid metabolisms of the 2 groups were compared.Results: SH was identified in 77 of 215 patients (36%). Mean body mass index was similar in both groups. The mean serum insulin, HOMA-IR, and triglyceride (TG) levels were higher and the mean high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was lower in the SH group than in the control group (P=0.007, P=0.004, P=0.01, and P=0.02, respectively). A positive correlation was observed between TSH level and insulin level, HOMA-IR, and TG level.Conclusion: SH was identified in some of the obese children and adolescents. A clear association was observed between SH, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia in obese children.

BACKGROUND:The present study investigated the relationship between detection of organic pathologies with magnetic resonance imaging of the pituitary gland, clinical and laboratory findings, and treatment response. MATERIAL AND METHODS:The study inclu...

Turkish Archives of Pediatrics