Background: Hemoglobin, Albumin, Lymphocyte, and Platelet Score (HALP) is an accessible score that is easily reproducible from routine laboratory testing while also reflecting patients’ immune-nutritional status. Along with other immuno-nutritional scores, such as the Prognostic Nutrition Index (PNI), HALP has been associated with a number of clinical and pathological features. The goal of our study was to evaluate the prognostic utility of HALP and PNI scores in testicular germ cell cancer (GCT) patients. Methods: This case-only study included 203 testicular GCT patients who were classified according to the disease stage and HALP and PNI cut-offs. Complete blood count and albumin concentration were routinely determined. Results: The values of HALP and PNI significantly differed among different clinical stages (p < 0.05). Moreover, they clearly exposed a significantly higher risk of advanced clinical stage development for those testicular GCT patients with lower values of HALP and PNI (p < 0.05). Finally, lower score levels were associated with larger tumor size (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our investigation could provide evidence that specific immune-nutritional scores can help distinguish individuals diagnosed with testicular GCT who are more likely to be identified with advanced disease stages.

Background: Penile cancer (PC) is a highly aggressive disease, with a significant tendency for lymphatic spreading and subsequent development of distant metastases. The mutilating nature of PC surgical treatment has profound implications on the patient’s body integrity and self-image, sexual life and intimacy, voiding and mental health. The aim of our study was to comprehensively evaluate PC patients’ post-treatment quality of life (QoL), sexual activity, self-esteem, fatigue and fear of disease recurrence. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, and included 31 PC patients. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire. (3) Results: The average score on the Global health status scale was 67.2 out of 100 (ranging from 16.7 to 100), and the SD was 22.5. Hierarchical linear regression analysis showed that demographic characteristics, Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS) anxiety and depression scores, total Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory, Fear of cancer recurrence and Rosenberg scores and erectile function score explained a total of 78.2% of the variance in the global health status/QoL scale of PC patients. (4) Conclusions: Efforts should be made not only to increase the survival of PC patients after surgical treatment but also to enable the best possible level of QoL in the post-operative period.

There are limited data regarding the significance of multifocality in testicular cancer patients. This study evaluated the relationship between multifocality and clinicopathological features determined at the time of radical orchiectomy. The study involved 280 consecutive patients who underwent radical orchiectomy between 2018 and 2023. Multifocality was defined as a distinct tumor focus characterized by a group of malignant cells > 1 mm, clearly differentiated from the primary tumor mass. Uni- and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to investigate the association between multifocality and histopathological parameters along with potential risk factors for clinical stages II + III. Multifocality was identified in 44 (15.7%) patients. Significantly smaller primary tumors were observed in subjects with multifocality (20.0 mm vs. 30.0 mm, p = 0.0001), while those exhibiting monofocality presented a markedly elevated rate of tumors exceeding 4 cm (40.3% vs. 18.2%, p = 0.005). Furthermore, multifocality was associated with a significantly higher rate of primary tumors < 2 cm (52.3% vs. 29.2%, p = 0.003). Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed a substantial decrease in the likelihood of multifocality occurrence in seminoma patients with tumors > 4 cm (OR = 0.38, p = 0.017). Meanwhile, in multivariate logistic regression, multifocality did not emerge as a significant risk factor for clinical stages II + III in either seminoma (p = 0.381) or non-seminoma (p = 0.672) cases. Our study suggests that multifocality holds no substantial prognostic relevance for clinically advanced disease in testicular cancer patients. The findings indicate that multifocality is associated with smaller primary tumors, particularly those measuring less than 2 cm.

Introduction: In about 30% of cases, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is detected initially in the metastatic stage (mRCC). The mainstay of mRCC treatment is anti-angiogenesis targeted therapy and immunotherapy which both have significantly prolonged progression-free survival and overall survival in patients with mRCC. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the association between the time interval from diagnosis of mRCC to the start of systemic therapy with the radiologically assessed best treatment response after 12 months of therapy. Material and methods: This observational study included 85 patients diagnosed initially in the metastatic stage of RCC. All patients received single-agent systemic targeted therapy sunitinib. The minimum follow-up period was 12 months. The radiologic assessment was performed after every 3 months, and the RECIST criteria were used to evaluate the best treatment response. Results: The mean time interval from mRCC diagnosis to the start of systemic targeted therapy was 3.5 ± 2.5 months, with a median of 2 months. No statistically significant association was observed between the best radiologically assessed treatment response after 12 months of therapy and the time interval from diagnosis of mRCC to the start of systemic targeted therapy (p = 0.7). Moreover, no statistically significant association was found between the best radiologically assessed treatment response after 12 months of therapy and a total number of metastatic sites at baseline. Conclusion: No association was observed between the best radiologically assessed treatment response after 12 months of systemic targeted therapy, neither with the time interval from mRCC diagnosis to the start of systemic targeted therapy nor with the total number of metastatic sites in patients who were initially diagnosed with mRCC and received sunitinib in first-line setting.