The takeover issue, especially the setting of the takeover time budget, is a critical factor restricting the implementation and development of conditionally automated vehicles. The general fixed takeover time budget has certain limitations, as it does not take into account the driver’s non-driving behaviors. Here, we propose an intelligent takeover assistance system consisting of all-round sensing gloves, a non-driving behavior identification module, and a takeover time budget determination module. All-round sensing gloves based on triboelectric sensors seamlessly detect delicate motions of hands and interactions between hands and other objects, and then transfer the electrical signals to the non-driving behavior identification module, which achieves an accuracy of 94.72% for six non-driving behaviors. Finally, combining the identification result and its corresponding minimum takeover time budget obtained through the takeover time budget determination module, our system dynamically adjusts the takeover time budget based on the driver’s current non-driving behavior, significantly improving takeover performance in terms of safety and stability. Our work presents a potential value in the application and implementation of conditionally automated vehicles.

The rising frequency of heavy truck accidents in China poses a significant public safety risk, endangering lives and property. However, current research based on data from heavy truck accidents in China remains limited, making it challenging to support the formulation of traffic management measures. To mitigate the severity of these accidents, this study analyzed five years of heavy truck accident data from a specific region in China and developed logistic regression models for different road conditions. The aim was to identify the key factors influencing accident severity and understand the underlying mechanisms. The findings revealed that, under urban road conditions, the severity of heavy truck accidents is significantly impacted by factors such as lighting conditions, road safety attributes, driver age, and vehicle driving status. On highways, accident severity is largely influenced by visibility, roadside protection measures, intersection and section types, vehicle driving status, inter-vehicle accident types, and road safety features. On expressways, critical factors include inter-vehicle accident types, driver violations, visibility, and road alignment. In conclusion, the factors contributing to the severity of heavy truck accidents vary according to road conditions, which necessitates tailored traffic management strategies. The study’s findings offer theoretical support for more targeted approaches to preventing and controlling heavy truck traffic accident severity under different road conditions in China.

Electric tricycles have become an important mode of short-distance passenger and freight transport in China, especially in urban–rural fringe areas and rural communities.In recent years, advances i...