A novel route is introduced to synthesize hierarchical polyaniline-grafted reduced graphene oxide (rGO) hybrid materials by polyaniline nanorods covalently bonded on the surface of rGO. Aminophenyl groups were initially grafted on rGO via diazonium treatment. Then the PANI nanorods were aligned vertically on rGO to construct a three-dimensional (3D) structure. The 3D structure could shorten the electronic transmission path and form abundant space for electrolyte ions. The hybrid materials fabricated as supercapacitor electrodes exhibited a maximal specific capacitance of 1045.51 F g⁻¹, and the energy density (E) could achieve an upper value of 8.3 W h kg⁻¹ at the current density of 0.2 A g⁻¹ simultaneously. Such highly stable three-dimensional structural materials are very promising for the next generation of high-performance electrochemical supercapacitors.

A series of aluminum hypophosphite (AHPi)/graphite-like carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) (designated as CAHPi) hybrids were prepared, followed by incorporation into thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The introduction of CAHPi hybrids into TPU led to a marked reduction in the peak of the heat release rate (pHRR), total heat release, weight loss rate, smoke production rate and total smoke production (TSP). For instance, pHRR and TSP decreased by 40% and 50% for TPU/CAHPi20. Furthermore, the increasing fire growth index and decreasing fire performance index were obtained for TPU/CAHPi systems, suggesting reduced fire hazards. It was found that improved fire safety of TPU nanocomposites was contributed by condensed phase and gas phase mechanisms. On one hand, g-C₃N₄ accelerated the thermal decomposition of AHPi for the formation of more char layers. On the other hand, g-C₃N₄ induced AHPi to generate more free radical capture agents when exposed to flame, besides protecting AHPi against thermal oxidation.

Amorphous MnO₂ supported on carbon nanotubes were prepared using a co-precipitation method at room temperature and firstly used for the selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH₃. The catalysts showed superior low temperature activity than that of the catalyst prepared using the conventional wet impregnation method.