Dr. Michel R. Popoff, DVM, Ph.D., (Microbiology) from the University of Paris (1985), Habilitation à Diriger des Recherches (HDR) from the University of Paris (1990), is the Head of the Research Unit of Anaerobic Bacteria and Toxins and the National Reference Center for Anaerobic Bacteria and Botulism at the Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.  His scientific interests are focused on clostridial toxins.