Spain has grown economically due to the recent boosts in the industrial sector, the agricultural sector, construction and services. Those who carry out agricultural tasks are mainly undocumented immigrants living in marginal neighborhoods. Objectives: to know the perception of undocumented Moroccan migrants living in marginal neighborhoods regarding access to the Public Health System. Methods: A qualitative method with a phenomenological approach was used to get closer to the experience of the participants in the study. In this work, 24 semi-structured interviews were conducted following a guide with a set of open questions to facilitate an in-depth discussion of the topics of interest. The participants were given an informed consent form, which guaranteed anonymity and confidentiality regarding the information obtained. For this, codes were used to identify them. The data were stored, managed, classified, and organized with the ATLAS-ti 9 software. Results: access and use of health services by the immigrants in the study was difficult due to communication problems related to language and culture, the discriminatory attitude and lack of cultural competence of health personnel, and the location of the neighborhoods (which were marginal far from urban centers), as well as the lack of transportation to health centers. Conclusions: it is an ethical imperative of the Health System to offer greater attention to the population in situations of extreme vulnerability, implement intercultural mediators and train health professionals in cultural competence.

Introduction: Spain is a multicultural society and has been defined by several authors as an immigrant-receiving country. Moroccan women of childbearing age constitute 28.20% of Moroccan immigrants. Objectives: describe the interaction processes that occur between health professionals and Moroccan immigrant women in reproductive healthcare. Methods: Qualitative descriptive study based on Grounded Theory. Thirty immigrant women from Morocco and thirty-five health professionals participated in the study. Specific dimensions of analysis were defined and used to design the interview guide and focus groups. Results: In the healthcare encounter, the construction of an effective communicative space between the people involved in it is essential; however, the language barrier and the interpersonal relationships characterized by silence in the encounter make a meaningful healthcare relationship difficult for those who participate in it. Conclusions: There are communication and relationship problems that alter healthcare and the professional–patient relationship which require the use of translation programs, the incorporation of intercultural meters, and the development of cultural competence in health professionals.

This study aimed to analyze the attitudes of Toledo University students toward gender and violence, as well as their sexist beliefs, considering different sociodemographic variables, and to examine the associations between these attitudes and the expression of sexism. A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed, which was conducted in accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines. The study population consisted of 1176 students who completed an online survey that collected sociodemographic information and incorporated the Questionnaire of Attitudes toward Gender and Violence (CAGV), along with measures of hostile and benevolent sexism derived from the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI). A descriptive analysis, an inferential analysis and a Pearson correlation were performed for the scores of the two scales used, controlling for the influence of sex and age. Among the participants, 67.1% were women and 32.0% were men. The average age was 20.1 years, with a deviation of 2.2 years, and the age was between 18 and 26 years. This work was carried out in several Faculties of the Campus. The results highlight the significant differences between the groups of men and women in both questionnaires. In general, men have higher scores than women do, so they have higher sexist attitudes and beliefs. The correlations between both questionnaires are significant among all categories. We believe that the data analyzed call for the implementation of action plans to reduce sexist behavior in university students. Universities must establish action plans against gender violence.

Gender-Based Violence (GBV) represents a major public health and social concern, with evidence linking persistent sexist beliefs to a higher likelihood of experiencing or perpetrating GBV, particularly among young adults. This study aimed to examine attitudes towards GBV among university students in Castilla-La Mancha, providing insight into ongoing gender inequalities within higher education. A total of 399 undergraduate and double-degree students at the University of University of Castilla-La Mancha completed the 47-item Gender and Violence Attitudes Questionnaire (GVAQ), and data were analyzed using descriptive and correlational methods. The results indicate the persistence of sexist beliefs and justifications for violence, with significant differences according to sex, age, and academic discipline: men scored higher overall on the GVAQ (M = 101.69) than women (M = 83.82), students in Engineering and Architecture scored higher (M = 100.89) than those in Arts and Humanities (M = 83.22), and younger students (≤25 years) scored slightly higher (M = 89.63) than older students (≥26 years) (M = 85.91). These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted educational programmes integrating a gender perspective to challenge entrenched sexist attitudes and reduce GBV in university contexts, fostering safer and more equitable learning environments.