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Carl Lachat
Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

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Original paper
Published: 10 May 2021 in Food Security
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Indigenous food systems of Pacific Small Island Developing Countries contain vast biological and cultural diversity. However, a nutrition transition is underway, characterized by shifts away from traditional diets in favour of imported and modern foods, contributing to some of the highest rates of obesity and Diabetes Type 2 Mellitus in the world. Using a mixed method approach, this study aimed to assess dietary agrobiodiversity’s relationship with nutrition indicators related to diet quality and anthropometrics within the context of the rural and Indigenous food system of Baniata village, located in the Western Province of Solomon Islands (Melanesia). A secondary aim was to evaluate the contribution of agrobiodiversity from the local food system to diet quality. A comprehensive nutrition survey was administered to the women primarily responsible for cooking of randomly selected households (n = 30). Additionally, 14 participatory focus group discussions captured the historical narrative of food system transitions, were hosted over a period of seven days, and included men, women and youth. Dietary intakes of the participants were reported below the estimated average requirement (EAR) for several essential nutrients, including protein (53%), calcium (96.6%), vitamin B1 (86.6%), vitamin B2 (80%), vitamin A (80%), zinc (40%) and fibre (77%). Focus group participants built a timeline of key historical and climatic transitions perceived to be drivers of dietary shifts away from traditional foods and towards imported and processed foods. Participants identified 221 species and varieties of agrobiodiverse foods available for cultivation or wild collection. Based on 24 h diet recalls, 87 were found to be utilised. Participants who consumed foods of a wider diversity of species richness had a higher probability of achieving recommended nutrition intakes and a lower body fat percentage (r2 = 0.205; p = 0.012). Our results suggest a nutrition transition is underway, and strategies harnessing traditional knowledge of nutrient-dense, agrobiodiverse foods can help improve food and nutrition security.

ACS Style

Chris Vogliano; Jessica E. Raneri; Jane Coad; Shane Tutua; Carol Wham; Carl Lachat; Barbara Burlingame. Dietary agrobiodiversity for improved nutrition and health outcomes within a transitioning indigenous Solomon Island food system. Food Security 2021, 13, 819 -847.

AMA Style

Chris Vogliano, Jessica E. Raneri, Jane Coad, Shane Tutua, Carol Wham, Carl Lachat, Barbara Burlingame. Dietary agrobiodiversity for improved nutrition and health outcomes within a transitioning indigenous Solomon Island food system. Food Security. 2021; 13 (4):819-847.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chris Vogliano; Jessica E. Raneri; Jane Coad; Shane Tutua; Carol Wham; Carl Lachat; Barbara Burlingame. 2021. "Dietary agrobiodiversity for improved nutrition and health outcomes within a transitioning indigenous Solomon Island food system." Food Security 13, no. 4: 819-847.

Journal article
Published: 17 April 2021 in Foods
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Sustainably feeding a growing human population is one of the greatest food system challenges of the 21st century. Seafood plays a vital role in supporting human wellbeing, by providing bioavailable and nutrient-dense animal-source food. In Thailand, seafood demand is increasing, and wild capture fishery yields have plateaued, due to oceanic ecosystem degradation and fishery stock exploitation. In this study, we investigated the supply trend of fishery products and subsequent seafood-derived nutrient availability over the last decade. In addition, we explored the possibility of predicting seafood availability and consumption levels, including adherence to Thailand’s national food guide and global dietary recommendations for sustainable seafood consumption. Our findings indicate that, at national-level, fishery products supplied between 19% and 35% of the Thai populations recommended dietary protein intake, 4–6% of calcium, 6–11% of iron, and 2–4% of zinc from 1995 to 2015. Nevertheless, our research also reports that if Thailand’s wild-caught seafood production were to decrease by 13%, as is highly likely, by 2030, the country might face a per capita supply deficit of fish and shellfish to meet healthy and sustainable dietary recommendations (28–30 g/day), let alone the current Thai average intake (32 g/day). Although a 1% per year increase in aquaculture production might bridge this supply gap, policymakers and relevant fishery stakeholders must consider the long-term environmental impacts of such an approach in Thailand.

ACS Style

Tiptiwa Sampantamit; Long Ho; Carl Lachat; Giles Hanley-Cook; Peter Goethals. The Contribution of Thai Fisheries to Sustainable Seafood Consumption: National Trends and Future Projections. Foods 2021, 10, 880 .

AMA Style

Tiptiwa Sampantamit, Long Ho, Carl Lachat, Giles Hanley-Cook, Peter Goethals. The Contribution of Thai Fisheries to Sustainable Seafood Consumption: National Trends and Future Projections. Foods. 2021; 10 (4):880.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tiptiwa Sampantamit; Long Ho; Carl Lachat; Giles Hanley-Cook; Peter Goethals. 2021. "The Contribution of Thai Fisheries to Sustainable Seafood Consumption: National Trends and Future Projections." Foods 10, no. 4: 880.

Nutrition and metabolism
Published: 24 March 2021 in BMJ Open
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Introduction Adequate nutrition during pregnancy is crucial to both mother and child. Maternal malnutrition can be the cause of stillbirth or lead to poor birth outcomes such as preterm delivery and small-for-gestational-age newborns. There is a probable positive effect of providing pregnant women a balanced energy-protein (BEP) food supplement, but more evidence is needed. The MIcronutriments pour la SAnté de la Mère et de l’Enfant (MISAME) III project aims to improve birth outcomes and infant growth by testing a BEP supplement during pregnancy and lactation in rural Burkina Faso. This paper describes the study protocol. Methods and analysis MISAME-III is a four-arm individually randomised efficacy trial implemented in six rural health centre catchments areas in the district of Houndé. Eligible pregnant women, aged between 15 and 40 years old and living in the study areas, will be enrolled. Women will be randomly assigned to one of the four study groups: (1) prenatal intervention only, (2) postnatal intervention only, (3) prenatal and postnatal intervention or (4) no prenatal or postnatal intervention. The intervention group will receive the BEP supplement and iron/folic acid (IFA) tablets, while the control group will only receive the IFA tablets following the national health protocol. Consumption will be supervised by trained village women on a daily basis by means of home visits. The primary outcomes are small-for-gestational age at birth and length-for-age z-score at 6 months of age. Secondary outcomes will be measured at birth and during the first 6 months of the infants’ life. Women will be enrolled from October 2019 until the total sample size is reached. Ethics and dissemination MISAME-III has been reviewed and approved by the University Hospital of Ghent and the ethics committee of Centre Muraz, Burkina Faso. Informed consent will be obtained. Results will be published in relevant journals and shared with other researchers and public health institutions. Trial registration number NCT03533712.

ACS Style

Katrien Vanslambrouck; Brenda de Kok; Laeticia Celine Toe; Nathalie De Cock; Moctar Ouedraogo; Trenton Dailey-Chwalibóg; Giles Hanley-Cook; Rasmané Ganaba; Carl Lachat; Lieven Huybregts; Patrick Kolsteren. Effect of balanced energy-protein supplementation during pregnancy and lactation on birth outcomes and infant growth in rural Burkina Faso: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2021, 11, e038393 .

AMA Style

Katrien Vanslambrouck, Brenda de Kok, Laeticia Celine Toe, Nathalie De Cock, Moctar Ouedraogo, Trenton Dailey-Chwalibóg, Giles Hanley-Cook, Rasmané Ganaba, Carl Lachat, Lieven Huybregts, Patrick Kolsteren. Effect of balanced energy-protein supplementation during pregnancy and lactation on birth outcomes and infant growth in rural Burkina Faso: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open. 2021; 11 (3):e038393.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Katrien Vanslambrouck; Brenda de Kok; Laeticia Celine Toe; Nathalie De Cock; Moctar Ouedraogo; Trenton Dailey-Chwalibóg; Giles Hanley-Cook; Rasmané Ganaba; Carl Lachat; Lieven Huybregts; Patrick Kolsteren. 2021. "Effect of balanced energy-protein supplementation during pregnancy and lactation on birth outcomes and infant growth in rural Burkina Faso: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial." BMJ Open 11, no. 3: e038393.

Original article
Published: 06 January 2021 in Maternal & Child Nutrition
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Balanced energy protein (BEP) supplementation for pregnant and lactating women in low‐ and middle‐income countries is a promising strategy to improve birth outcomes and child growth. The objective of this study was to assess and compare the acceptability of new formulations of two fortified BEP supplements, a lipid‐based peanut paste and a vanilla biscuit, among 80 pregnant women in rural Burkina Faso, prior to an efficacy trial. A 10‐week individually randomized cross‐over study was designed, in which women received a weekly supply of each supplement for 4 weeks, and a daily choice between the supplements in the last 2 weeks. Questionnaires to assess daily consumption and supplement acceptability (n = 80) and home observations (n = 20) were combined with focus group discussions (n = 6) and in‐depth interviews with women (n = 80) and stakeholders (n = 24). Results showed that the two supplements were well accepted. Quantitative findings indicated high compliance (>99.6%) and high overall appreciation (Likert score >6 out of 7) of both supplements. The assessment of preferred choice in Weeks 9 and 10 indicated a slight preference for the vanilla biscuit. Qualitative findings indicated that perceived health benefits, support from household members and educational messages from health professionals were important drivers for acceptance and compliance. Sharing was not often reported but was identified during interviews as a possible risk. We recommend that future studies use a combination of methods to identify appropriate food supplements and context‐specific factors that influence acceptability, compliance and subsequent impact of nutritious food supplements.

ACS Style

Brenda de Kok; Katie Moore; Leslie Jones; Katrien Vanslambrouck; Laeticia Celine Toe; Moctar Ouédraogo; Rasmané Ganaba; Saskia de Pee; Juliet Bedford; Carl Lachat; Patrick Kolsteren; Sheila Isanaka. Home consumption of two fortified balanced energy protein supplements by pregnant women in Burkina Faso. Maternal & Child Nutrition 2021, 17, e13134 .

AMA Style

Brenda de Kok, Katie Moore, Leslie Jones, Katrien Vanslambrouck, Laeticia Celine Toe, Moctar Ouédraogo, Rasmané Ganaba, Saskia de Pee, Juliet Bedford, Carl Lachat, Patrick Kolsteren, Sheila Isanaka. Home consumption of two fortified balanced energy protein supplements by pregnant women in Burkina Faso. Maternal & Child Nutrition. 2021; 17 (3):e13134.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Brenda de Kok; Katie Moore; Leslie Jones; Katrien Vanslambrouck; Laeticia Celine Toe; Moctar Ouédraogo; Rasmané Ganaba; Saskia de Pee; Juliet Bedford; Carl Lachat; Patrick Kolsteren; Sheila Isanaka. 2021. "Home consumption of two fortified balanced energy protein supplements by pregnant women in Burkina Faso." Maternal & Child Nutrition 17, no. 3: e13134.

Journal article
Published: 06 November 2020 in European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
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For infants and young children in low-income settings, human milk (HM) is the main source of omega-3 (n-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPs), including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). However, the n-3 LCPs concentrations of HM show wide variability, largely depending on the maternal intake of marine foods. This may put children living far from coastal areas at risk of inadequate intake. We evaluated the efficacy of fish-oil (FO) supplementation of lactating mothers on HM n-3 LCPs concentrations in a rural setting from Ethiopia. Mothers (n = 360) with children 6–12 months old were randomized to receive either intervention FO capsules (215 mg DHA + 285 mg EPA) or control corn-oil capsules (without n-3 LCPs). In a random subsample of 154 participants, we analyzed LCPs in HM and child capillary blood using gas chromatography. Compared to the control, FO supplementation increased HM concentrations of DHA by 39.0% (95% CI: 20.6, 57.5%; P < 0.001) and EPA by 36.2% (95% CI: 16.0, 56.4%; P < 0.001), whereas the arachidonic acid (AA)/(DHA + EPA) ratio decreased by 53.5% (95% CI: −70.2, −36.7%; P < 0.001). We also found statistically significant association between the changes in (DHA + EPA)/AA ratio in HM and child capillary blood (P < 0.001). However, HM DHA concentrations remained lower than international norms after FO supplementation. FO supplementation improves n-3 LCPs content of HM. Future studies should evaluate different doses of n-3 LCPs and consider potential effect modifiers such as genetic polymorphism and diet. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01817634.

ACS Style

Alemayehu Argaw; Kimberley P. Bouckaert; Mekitie Wondafrash; Patrick Kolsteren; Carl Lachat; Bruno De Meulenaer; Giles Hanley-Cook; Lieven Huybregts. Effect of fish-oil supplementation on breastmilk long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid concentration: a randomized controlled trial in rural Ethiopia. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2020, 75, 809 -816.

AMA Style

Alemayehu Argaw, Kimberley P. Bouckaert, Mekitie Wondafrash, Patrick Kolsteren, Carl Lachat, Bruno De Meulenaer, Giles Hanley-Cook, Lieven Huybregts. Effect of fish-oil supplementation on breastmilk long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid concentration: a randomized controlled trial in rural Ethiopia. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2020; 75 (5):809-816.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alemayehu Argaw; Kimberley P. Bouckaert; Mekitie Wondafrash; Patrick Kolsteren; Carl Lachat; Bruno De Meulenaer; Giles Hanley-Cook; Lieven Huybregts. 2020. "Effect of fish-oil supplementation on breastmilk long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid concentration: a randomized controlled trial in rural Ethiopia." European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 75, no. 5: 809-816.

Preprint content
Published: 20 October 2020
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ObjectivesTo test authors’ experience of applying the STrengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology-nutritional epidemiology (STROBE-nut) on a recently published paper. Correct understanding of the items on the reporting guidelines could lead to appropriate use.Designa cross sectional study, with a convenient sample.SettingParticipants were asked to return the STROBE-nut data collection template filled on recently published papers. Next, an interview was organised to collect feedback on the process of applying the guidelines. Two researchers involved in the development of STROBE-nut completed the template using the participant’s respective published papers. The filled templates were then compared to assess the measure of agreement of the STROBE-nut items as a proxy of understanding.ParticipantsAuthors who recently published papers reporting dietary assessment or food intake data.ResultsWe recruited 12 participants between May 2018 and June 2019. Five participants never used reporting guidelines before, while ten reported intention of future use. Half of the participants reported that the use of filling STROBE nut was useful, but some modifications are needed. Agreement between participants and experts on items reporting was generally low. Only two items had moderate weighted kappa agreement nut 1 (Kappa= 0.4, P 0.02) and nut 22.1 (Kappa= 0.47, P 0.01).ConclusionsThere is need to ensure correct understanding of STROBE-nut by authors. Revisions of STROBE-nut that make the items shorter and simpler can increase understanding. Training researchers at early stage on the aim of reporting guidelines could potentially increase proper use and decrease subjective interpretation.

ACS Style

Dana Hawwash; Michelle Seck; Elisa Quaranta; Patrick Kolsteren; Carl Lachat. Assessment of authors understanding of the STROBE-nut reporting guidelines. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Dana Hawwash, Michelle Seck, Elisa Quaranta, Patrick Kolsteren, Carl Lachat. Assessment of authors understanding of the STROBE-nut reporting guidelines. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dana Hawwash; Michelle Seck; Elisa Quaranta; Patrick Kolsteren; Carl Lachat. 2020. "Assessment of authors understanding of the STROBE-nut reporting guidelines." , no. : 1.

Article
Published: 27 August 2020 in European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
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To assess how priority setting exercises for nutrition research are considered in publication. Cross-sectional design. First, a citation analysis of priority setting exercises found in nutrition research until 2019 was conducted. The reasons for citation were extracted from the text of citing papers and the reasons were defined as: (i) acting on the research questions identified as priorities, (ii) acknowledging the priority setting exercise, (iii) using the same method, or (iv) previous knowledge to support evidence. Second, a survey with authors of the priority setting exercises was done to understand priority setters’ perspectives on the impact and satisfaction of their work. Twenty-one priority setting exercise papers were included. In all, 434 citing papers were found, of which 338 were considered in the citation analysis. A sample of 17 authors representing 13 priority setting exercise papers completed the impact and satisfaction survey. Half of the priority setting exercise papers were published by 2013. After excluding self-citations (n = 60), the priority setting papers had on average 18 citations. Priority setting exercises had a median of 1 (IQR = 0–1) citing manuscript that acted on the recommendations produced from priority setting exercises. Authors of the priority setting exercises expressed a desire for increased uptake of the results of the priority setting exercises by funding agencies. Key barriers for uptake were identified as challenges in involving stakeholders and the general public for participation in the priority setting exercise. Priority settings exercises are important efforts to guide nutrition research toward effective allocation of resources. However, there seems to be a limited consideration of these priority setting exercises in research papers.

ACS Style

Dana Hawwash; Wim Pinxten; Jessica E. Raneri; Patrick Kolsteren; Carl Lachat. Uptake and impact of priority setting exercises in nutrition research publications. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2020, 75, 198 -208.

AMA Style

Dana Hawwash, Wim Pinxten, Jessica E. Raneri, Patrick Kolsteren, Carl Lachat. Uptake and impact of priority setting exercises in nutrition research publications. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2020; 75 (1):198-208.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dana Hawwash; Wim Pinxten; Jessica E. Raneri; Patrick Kolsteren; Carl Lachat. 2020. "Uptake and impact of priority setting exercises in nutrition research publications." European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 75, no. 1: 198-208.

Original article
Published: 05 August 2020 in Maternal & Child Nutrition
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Poor maternal nutrition contributes to poor birth outcomes, including low birth weight and small for gestational age births. Fortified balanced energy protein (BEP) supplements may be beneficial, although evidence is limited. This mixed method study, conducted among pregnant women in Burkina Faso, is part of a larger clinical trial that seeks to understand the impact of fortified BEP supplements on pregnancy outcomes and child growth. The formative research reported here, a single‐meal rapid assessment of 12 product formulations, sought to understand product preferences for provision of BEP supplements and contextual factors that might affect product acceptability and use. Results indicate a preference for products perceived as sweet rather than salty/savoury and for products perceived as familiar, as well as a sensitivity to product odours. Women expressed a willingness and intention to use the products even if they did not like them, because of the health benefits for their babies. Data also indicate that household food sharing practices may impact supplement use, although most women denied any intention to share the products. Sharing behaviour should therefore be monitored, and strategies to avoid sharing should be developed during the succeeding parts of the research.

ACS Style

Leslie Jones; Brenda De Kok; Katie Moore; Saskia De Pee; Juliet Bedford; Katrien Vanslambrouck; Laeticia Celine Toe; Carl Lachat; Nathalie De Cock; Moctar Ouédraogo; Rasmané Ganaba; Patrick Kolsteren; Sheila Isanaka. Acceptability of 12 fortified balanced energy protein supplements ‐ Insights from Burkina Faso. Maternal & Child Nutrition 2020, 17, 1 .

AMA Style

Leslie Jones, Brenda De Kok, Katie Moore, Saskia De Pee, Juliet Bedford, Katrien Vanslambrouck, Laeticia Celine Toe, Carl Lachat, Nathalie De Cock, Moctar Ouédraogo, Rasmané Ganaba, Patrick Kolsteren, Sheila Isanaka. Acceptability of 12 fortified balanced energy protein supplements ‐ Insights from Burkina Faso. Maternal & Child Nutrition. 2020; 17 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Leslie Jones; Brenda De Kok; Katie Moore; Saskia De Pee; Juliet Bedford; Katrien Vanslambrouck; Laeticia Celine Toe; Carl Lachat; Nathalie De Cock; Moctar Ouédraogo; Rasmané Ganaba; Patrick Kolsteren; Sheila Isanaka. 2020. "Acceptability of 12 fortified balanced energy protein supplements ‐ Insights from Burkina Faso." Maternal & Child Nutrition 17, no. 1: 1.

Journal article
Published: 09 July 2020 in Nutrients
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Minimum dietary diversity for women of reproductive age (MDD-W) was validated as a population-level proxy of micronutrient adequacy, with indicator data collection proposed as either list-based or open recall. No study has assessed the validity of these two non-quantitative proxy methods against weighed food records (WFR). We assessed the measurement agreement of list-based and open recall methods as compared to WFR (i.e., reference method of individual quantitative dietary assessment) for achieving MDD-W and an ordinal food group diversity score. Applying a non-inferiority design, data were collected from non-pregnant women of reproductive age in Cambodia (n = 430), Ethiopia (n = 431), and Zambia (n = 476). For the pooled sample (n = 1337), proportions achieving MDD-W from both proxy methods were compared to WFR proportion by McNemar’s chi-square tests, Cohen’s kappa, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Ordinal food group diversity (0–10) was compared by Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank tests, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and weighted kappa. MDD-W food groups that were most frequently misreported (i.e., type I and II errors) by the proxy methods were determined. Our findings indicate statistically significant differences in proportions achieving MDD-W, ordinal food group diversity scores, and ROC curves between both proxy methods and WFR (p < 0.001). List-based and open recall methods overreported women achieving MDD-W by 16 and 10 percentage points, respectively, as compared to WFR (proportion achieving MDD-W: 30%). ICC values between list-based or open recall and WFR were 0.50 and 0.55, respectively. Simple and weighted kappa values both indicated moderate agreement between list-based or open recall against WFR. Food groups most likely to be misreported using proxy methods were beans and peas, dark green leafy vegetables, vitamin A-rich fruit and vegetables, and other fruits. Our study provides statistical evidence for overreporting of both list-based and open recall methods for assessing prevalence of MDD-W or ordinal food group diversity score in women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries. Operationalizing MDD-W through qualitative recall methods should consider potential trade-offs between accuracy and simplicity.

ACS Style

Giles T. Hanley-Cook; Ji Yen A. Tung; Isabela F. Sattamini; Pamela A. Marinda; Kong Thong; Dilnesaw Zerfu; Patrick W. Kolsteren; Maria Antonia G. Tuazon; Carl K. Lachat. Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women of Reproductive Age (MDD-W) Data Collection: Validity of the List-Based and Open Recall Methods as Compared to Weighed Food Record. Nutrients 2020, 12, 2039 .

AMA Style

Giles T. Hanley-Cook, Ji Yen A. Tung, Isabela F. Sattamini, Pamela A. Marinda, Kong Thong, Dilnesaw Zerfu, Patrick W. Kolsteren, Maria Antonia G. Tuazon, Carl K. Lachat. Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women of Reproductive Age (MDD-W) Data Collection: Validity of the List-Based and Open Recall Methods as Compared to Weighed Food Record. Nutrients. 2020; 12 (7):2039.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giles T. Hanley-Cook; Ji Yen A. Tung; Isabela F. Sattamini; Pamela A. Marinda; Kong Thong; Dilnesaw Zerfu; Patrick W. Kolsteren; Maria Antonia G. Tuazon; Carl K. Lachat. 2020. "Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women of Reproductive Age (MDD-W) Data Collection: Validity of the List-Based and Open Recall Methods as Compared to Weighed Food Record." Nutrients 12, no. 7: 2039.

Review
Published: 05 March 2020 in Sustainability
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Though aquaculture plays an important role in providing foods and healthy diets, there are concerns regarding the environmental sustainability of prevailing practices. This study examines the trends and changes in fisheries originating from aquaculture production in Thailand and provides insights into such production’s environmental impacts and sustainability. Together with an extensive literature review, we investigated a time series of Thai aquaculture production data from 1995 to 2015. Overall, Thai aquaculture production has significantly increased during the last few decades and significantly contributed to socio-economic development. Estimates of total aquaculture production in Thailand have gradually grown from around 0.6 to 0.9 million tons over the last twenty years. Farmed shrimp is the main animal aquatic product, accounting for an estimated 40% of total yields of aquaculture production, closely followed by fish (38%) and mollusk (22%). Estimates over the past decades indicate that around 199470 ha of land is used for aquaculture farming. Out of the total area, 61% is used for freshwater farms, and 39% is used for coastal farms. However, this industry has contributed to environmental degradation, such as habitat destruction, water pollution, and ecological effects. Effective management strategies are urgently needed to minimize the environmental impacts of aquaculture and to ensure it maximally contributes to planetary health. Innovative and practical solutions that rely on diverse technology inputs and smart market-based management approaches that are designed for environmentally friendly aquaculture farming can be the basis for viable long-term solutions for the future.

ACS Style

Tiptiwa Sampantamit; Long Ho; Carl Lachat; Nantida Sutummawong; Patrick Sorgeloos; Peter Goethals. Aquaculture Production and Its Environmental Sustainability in Thailand: Challenges and Potential Solutions. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2010 .

AMA Style

Tiptiwa Sampantamit, Long Ho, Carl Lachat, Nantida Sutummawong, Patrick Sorgeloos, Peter Goethals. Aquaculture Production and Its Environmental Sustainability in Thailand: Challenges and Potential Solutions. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (5):2010.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tiptiwa Sampantamit; Long Ho; Carl Lachat; Nantida Sutummawong; Patrick Sorgeloos; Peter Goethals. 2020. "Aquaculture Production and Its Environmental Sustainability in Thailand: Challenges and Potential Solutions." Sustainability 12, no. 5: 2010.

Brief communication
Published: 10 February 2020 in European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
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Inadequate reporting in nutritional epidemiology study has important downstream consequences for the public and the reputation of the nutrition research. Poor reporting of nutritional studies can have serious implications on knowledge transfer, public health policy, and research. In addition, it is a significant and avoidable source of research waste. The STrengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology-nutritional epidemiology (STROBE-nut) statement comprises a set of 24 items, organised as a checklist, with minimal information to be included in manuscripts describing findings of nutritional epidemiology research and dietary assessment. The goal of STROBE-nut is to ensure all information is available to enable quality appraisal, correct understanding, effective replication and application of findings. It has been suggested that robust implementation of reporting guidelines will translate into more complete reported research. Furthermore systematic use of reporting guidelines can indirectly improve the methodological qualities of research papers. In this regard, if STROBE-nut becomes a common practice between the community of nutritionist and epidemiologist, it can enhance the quality of the nutritional epidemiology field output. We thus suggest the endorsement of STROBE-nut at the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

ACS Style

Carl Lachat; Dana Hawwash. The addition of STROBE-nut to the EJCN instructions to authors: some considerations and caveats. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2020, 74, 657 -658.

AMA Style

Carl Lachat, Dana Hawwash. The addition of STROBE-nut to the EJCN instructions to authors: some considerations and caveats. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2020; 74 (4):657-658.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carl Lachat; Dana Hawwash. 2020. "The addition of STROBE-nut to the EJCN instructions to authors: some considerations and caveats." European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 74, no. 4: 657-658.

Review
Published: 02 February 2020 in Water
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The fisheries sector significantly contributes to global food security, nutrition, and livelihood of people. Its importance for economic benefits, healthy diets, and nutrition, and achieving sustainable food systems is highlighted by several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), i.e., SDG 1 (No Poverty), SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), and SDG 14 (Life Below Water). However, due to unprecedented population levels, the contribution of the fisheries sector to fulfills these roles is challenging, particularly given additional concerns regarding environmental well-being and sustainability. From this perspective, this study aims to identify the links and trade-offs between the development of this sector and the environmental sustainability in Thailand via a critical analysis of their trends, current ecological impacts, and more importantly, their contributions to several individual SDGs. A time-series of Thailand’s fisheries production from 1995 to 2015 indicates a recent reduction from around 3.0 million tons in 1995 to 1.5 million tons in 2015 of wild fish and shellfish from marine and freshwater habitats. The maximum sustainable yield of these species has been exceeded. Conversely, Thailand’s aquaculture production has continued to grow over the last decade, resulting in a reduction of mangrove forest area, wild fish stocks, and water quality. While capture fisheries and aquaculture production significantly contribute to several SDG targets, there are potential trade-offs between their development and the achievement of SDGs within the planet dimension, i.e., SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), SDG 13 (Climate Action), SDG 14, and SDG 15 (Life on Land). On the one hand, the mitigation of overfishing will be beneficial for the targets of SDG 14, leading to more sustainable resource management. On the other hand, it might cause a decrease in the volume of marine catches and economic and social profits. We conclude that the SDGs can serve as a framework for both policymakers and industrial workers to monitor and compromise on regulations that will optimize productivity in the context of sustainable development.

ACS Style

Tiptiwa Sampantamit; Long Ho; Wout Van Echelpoel; Carl Lachat; Peter Goethals. Links and Trade-Offs between Fisheries and Environmental Protection in Relation to the Sustainable Development Goals in Thailand. Water 2020, 12, 399 .

AMA Style

Tiptiwa Sampantamit, Long Ho, Wout Van Echelpoel, Carl Lachat, Peter Goethals. Links and Trade-Offs between Fisheries and Environmental Protection in Relation to the Sustainable Development Goals in Thailand. Water. 2020; 12 (2):399.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tiptiwa Sampantamit; Long Ho; Wout Van Echelpoel; Carl Lachat; Peter Goethals. 2020. "Links and Trade-Offs between Fisheries and Environmental Protection in Relation to the Sustainable Development Goals in Thailand." Water 12, no. 2: 399.

Journal article
Published: 16 December 2019 in Sustainability
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Fisheries resources play a crucial role in economic development, food security, and healthy nutrition for humans. Consequently, fisheries are of paramount importance for several Sustainable Development Goals, in particular SDGs 1 and 8, which are related to poverty and economic growth, as well as SDGs 2 and 3, which are about zero hunger and good health. On the other hand, fisheries can also negatively influence the ecosystem (SDG 14, life below water). Thailand is one of the world’s most significant producers and exporters of fisheries products. This present work describes the evolution of wild fisheries production in Thailand for over twenty years and discusses its impact on fish and shellfish supplies. The present overview uses mainly the official statistical catch data of Thailand. From 1995 to 2015, Thailand’s marine fisheries production gradually decreased from approximately 2.8 million tonnes to 1.3 million tonnes per year. Concerning taxonomic composition of the catches, no dramatic shifts were recorded during the 20-year period. The main observation seems that for less abundant taxa, such as Chirocentridae, Sillaginidae, Ariidae, Sharks, and Psettodidae, their part in the catch was halved between 1995 and 2015. On the other hand, inland capture fisheries remained constant at 0.2 million tonnes per year. The annual value of wild fisheries production was, on average US$1.7 billion. Notably, trawl fishing systematically reduced during these two decennia, resulting in a fishing efficiency of approximately 140 tonnes of demersal fish per trawl unit per year in 2015. During 2008–2015, the number of registered gill net fishing boats drastically increased from 2,300 to 6,600, and this has led to a dramatic decline in fishing efficiency to about 10% in 2014–2015. More in general, Thailand’s continuous decline in marine capture production was linked to increased fuel prices, tightening restrictions by neighbouring countries for access into their exclusive economic zone, and the depletion of resources due to overfishing and illegal fishing. Against rising concerns about the sustainability of intensive fishing practices in recent years, Thailand is ramping up efforts to reduce the exploitation of fishery resources to levels that would achieve maximum sustainable yields. In particular, the intensity of fishing based on gill nets needs to be addressed in the future. Hence, Thailand’s fisheries production faces the pressure of realising the importance of sustainable fisheries resources management and its impact on marine life and biodiversity, in addition to its role as a significant food source for a healthy population.

ACS Style

Tiptiwa Sampantamit; Pavarot Noranarttragoon; Carl Lachat; Peter Goethals. Evolution of Fish and Shellfish Supplies Originating from Wild Fisheries in Thailand Between 1995 and 2015. Sustainability 2019, 11, 7198 .

AMA Style

Tiptiwa Sampantamit, Pavarot Noranarttragoon, Carl Lachat, Peter Goethals. Evolution of Fish and Shellfish Supplies Originating from Wild Fisheries in Thailand Between 1995 and 2015. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (24):7198.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tiptiwa Sampantamit; Pavarot Noranarttragoon; Carl Lachat; Peter Goethals. 2019. "Evolution of Fish and Shellfish Supplies Originating from Wild Fisheries in Thailand Between 1995 and 2015." Sustainability 11, no. 24: 7198.

Editorial
Published: 18 November 2019 in Genes & Nutrition
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Dana Hawwash; Carl Lachat. Endorsing the STrengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology-nutritional epidemiology (STROBE-nut) statement at Genes & Nutrition. Genes & Nutrition 2019, 14, 30 -2.

AMA Style

Dana Hawwash, Carl Lachat. Endorsing the STrengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology-nutritional epidemiology (STROBE-nut) statement at Genes & Nutrition. Genes & Nutrition. 2019; 14 (1):30-2.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dana Hawwash; Carl Lachat. 2019. "Endorsing the STrengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology-nutritional epidemiology (STROBE-nut) statement at Genes & Nutrition." Genes & Nutrition 14, no. 1: 30-2.

Journal article
Published: 11 November 2019 in Sustainable Production and Consumption
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Nurturing the global population without exceeding the carrying capacity of the earth is a challenge. Linking nutritional quality and environmental objectives is of high importance in a sustainable food context. Meals are not usually evaluated and classified based on their contribution to health and, especially, to environmental sustainability. Therefore, we propose a methodology for the classification of meals based on environmental policy targets and nutritional recommendations. As a case study, we analyzed 100 hot meals served in a university canteen in Belgium. Every meal contained three meal components (protein, vegetable, and carbohydrate). A life cycle assessment and a nutritional assessment, based on the Weighted Nutrient Density Score, were performed to evaluate the environmental impact and the nutritional value, respectively. To classify the meals, we introduced three reference values for both the environmental impact and the nutritional value. This corresponded to four environmental and four nutritional classes which results in 16 classes in total. The environmental reference values were based on the 2020 and 2030 European Commission targets on greenhouse gas emission reduction. The nutritional reference values were based on food recommendations from national public health authorities. Meals with fish had the best overall score and meals with ruminant meat had the worst score. Vegetarian meals had the best environmental score and, similarly to ruminant meat meals, the worst nutritional score. Further studies are needed to test the classification methodology for other meals and food items. Future research may focus on further optimization of the combined environmental and nutritional assessment, especially for the classification of reference values. To conclude, we developed a novel nutritional and environmental classification for meals based on environmental policy targets and nutritional recommendations.

ACS Style

Margot Cooreman-Algoed; Sophie Huysveld; Carl Lachat; Jo Dewulf. How to integrate nutritional recommendations and environmental policy targets at the meal level: A university canteen example. Sustainable Production and Consumption 2019, 21, 120 -131.

AMA Style

Margot Cooreman-Algoed, Sophie Huysveld, Carl Lachat, Jo Dewulf. How to integrate nutritional recommendations and environmental policy targets at the meal level: A university canteen example. Sustainable Production and Consumption. 2019; 21 ():120-131.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Margot Cooreman-Algoed; Sophie Huysveld; Carl Lachat; Jo Dewulf. 2019. "How to integrate nutritional recommendations and environmental policy targets at the meal level: A university canteen example." Sustainable Production and Consumption 21, no. : 120-131.

Reviews
Published: 06 November 2019 in Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
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The aim of this study was to systematically review associations between dietary mycotoxins exposure and child growth and morbidity of children aged 5 years or younger. Peer-reviewed literature was searched in MEDLINE, EMBASE, COCHRANE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and PsycINFO. Experimental and observational studies were considered. The exposures were dietary mycotoxins during pregnancy, lactation and childhood, and mycotoxins concentrations in the diet, breast milk, urine, and blood. From a total of 4869 references, 86 full-text papers were extracted of which 50 were included in this review. The methodological quality and risk of bias were evaluated and quality of the collective evidence was assessed using GRADE. Uncertainty remains whether mycotoxins exposure affects child growth, immunity and mortality and the overall quality of the evidence is very low. Overall however, we cannot rule out a possible association between dietary mycotoxins, in particular, AF and FUM and child malnutrition. Our analyses were limited by the reporting quality, difference in findings, heterogeneity of outcomes, mycotoxins detection methods, and the observational nature of most studies. Robust study designs with adequate sample size, use of validated biomarkers of exposure and assessment of co-occurrence of mycotoxins and their synergistic effects are required to provide the further evidence regarding a potential effect of dietary mycotoxins exposure on child growth and immunity.

ACS Style

Kokeb Tesfamariam; Marthe De Boevre; Patrick Kolsteren; Tefera Belachew; Addisalem Mesfin; Sarah De Saeger; Carl Lachat. Dietary mycotoxins exposure and child growth, immune system, morbidity, and mortality: a systematic literature review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 2019, 60, 3321 -3341.

AMA Style

Kokeb Tesfamariam, Marthe De Boevre, Patrick Kolsteren, Tefera Belachew, Addisalem Mesfin, Sarah De Saeger, Carl Lachat. Dietary mycotoxins exposure and child growth, immune system, morbidity, and mortality: a systematic literature review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2019; 60 (19):3321-3341.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kokeb Tesfamariam; Marthe De Boevre; Patrick Kolsteren; Tefera Belachew; Addisalem Mesfin; Sarah De Saeger; Carl Lachat. 2019. "Dietary mycotoxins exposure and child growth, immune system, morbidity, and mortality: a systematic literature review." Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 60, no. 19: 3321-3341.

Epidemiology
Published: 06 November 2019 in BMJ Open
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ObjectivesTo assess the intention of using a Writing Aid software, which integrates four research reporting guidelines (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology and STrengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology-nutritional epidemiology) and their Elaboration & Explanation (E&E) documents during the write-up of research in Microsoft Word compared with current practices.DesignTwo-arms crossover randomised controlled trial with no blinding and no washout period.SettingFace-to-face or online sessions.Participants54 (28 in arm 1 and 26 in arm 2) doctoral and postdoctoral researchers.InterventionsReporting guidelines and their E&E document were randomly administered as Writing Aid or as Word documents in a single 30 min to 1 hour session, with a short break before crossing over to the other study intervention.Primary and secondary outcomesUsing the Technology Acceptance Model, we assessed the primary outcome: the difference in the mean of intention of use; and secondary outcomes: the difference in mean perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. The three outcomes were measured using questions with a 7-point Likert-scale. Secondary analysis using structural equation modelling (SEM) was applied to explore the relationships between the outcomes.ResultsNo significant difference in reported intention of use (mean difference and 95% CI 0.25 (–0.05 to 0.55), p=0.10), and perceived usefulness (mean difference and 95% CI 0.19 (–0.04 to 0.41), p=0.10). The Writing Aid performed significantly better than the word document on researchers’ perceived ease of use (mean difference and 95% CI 0.59 (0.29 to 0.89), p=0.002).ConclusionsDespite no significant difference in the intention of use between the tools, administering reporting guidelines as Writing Aid is perceived as easier to use, offering a possibility to further explore its applicability to enhance reporting adherence.

ACS Style

Dana Hawwash; Melissa K Sharp; Alemayehu Argaw; Patrick Kolsteren; Carl Lachat. Usefulness of applying research reporting guidelines as Writing Aid software: a crossover randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2019, 9, e030943 .

AMA Style

Dana Hawwash, Melissa K Sharp, Alemayehu Argaw, Patrick Kolsteren, Carl Lachat. Usefulness of applying research reporting guidelines as Writing Aid software: a crossover randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open. 2019; 9 (11):e030943.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dana Hawwash; Melissa K Sharp; Alemayehu Argaw; Patrick Kolsteren; Carl Lachat. 2019. "Usefulness of applying research reporting guidelines as Writing Aid software: a crossover randomised controlled trial." BMJ Open 9, no. 11: e030943.

Journal article
Published: 16 October 2019 in Nutrients
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Background: Understanding the drivers contributing to the decreasing trend in stunting is paramount to meeting the World Health Assembly’s global target of 40% stunting reduction by 2025. Methods: We pooled data from 50 Demographic and Health Surveys since 2000 in 14 countries to examine the relationships between the stunting trend and potential factors at distal, intermediate, and proximal levels. A multilevel pooled trend analysis was used to estimate the association between the change in potential drivers at a country level and stunting probability for an individual child while adjusting for time trends and child-level covariates. A four-level mixed-effects linear probability regression model was fitted, accounting for the clustering of data by sampling clusters, survey-rounds, and countries. Results: Stunting followed a decreasing trend in all countries at an average annual rate of 1.04 percentage points. Among the distal factors assessed, a decrease in the Gini coefficient, an improvement in women’s decision-making, and an increase in urbanization were significantly associated with a lower probability of stunting within a country. Improvements in households’ access to improved sanitation facilities and drinking water sources, and children’s access to basic vaccinations were the important intermediate service-related drivers, whereas improvements in early initiation of breastfeeding and a decrease in the prevalence of low birthweight were the important proximal drivers. Conclusions: The results reinforce the need for a combination of nutrition-sensitive and -specific interventions to tackle the problem of stunting. The identified drivers help to guide global efforts to further accelerate stunting reduction and monitor progress against chronic childhood undernutrition.

ACS Style

Alemayehu Argaw; Giles Hanley-Cook; Nathalie De Cock; Patrick Kolsteren; Lieven Huybregts; Carl Lachat. Drivers of Under-Five Stunting Trend in 14 Low- and Middle-Income Countries since the Turn of the Millennium: A Multilevel Pooled Analysis of 50 Demographic and Health Surveys. Nutrients 2019, 11, 2485 .

AMA Style

Alemayehu Argaw, Giles Hanley-Cook, Nathalie De Cock, Patrick Kolsteren, Lieven Huybregts, Carl Lachat. Drivers of Under-Five Stunting Trend in 14 Low- and Middle-Income Countries since the Turn of the Millennium: A Multilevel Pooled Analysis of 50 Demographic and Health Surveys. Nutrients. 2019; 11 (10):2485.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alemayehu Argaw; Giles Hanley-Cook; Nathalie De Cock; Patrick Kolsteren; Lieven Huybregts; Carl Lachat. 2019. "Drivers of Under-Five Stunting Trend in 14 Low- and Middle-Income Countries since the Turn of the Millennium: A Multilevel Pooled Analysis of 50 Demographic and Health Surveys." Nutrients 11, no. 10: 2485.

Journal article
Published: 08 June 2019 in Nutrients
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The use of linked data in the Semantic Web is a promising approach to add value to nutrition research. An ontology, which defines the logical relationships between well-defined taxonomic terms, enables linking and harmonizing research output. To enable the description of domain-specific output in nutritional epidemiology, we propose the Ontology for Nutritional Epidemiology (ONE) according to authoritative guidance for nutritional epidemiology. Firstly, a scoping review was conducted to identify existing ontology terms for reuse in ONE. Secondly, existing data standards and reporting guidelines for nutritional epidemiology were converted into an ontology. The terms used in the standards were summarized and listed separately in a taxonomic hierarchy. Thirdly, the ontologies of the nutritional epidemiologic standards, reporting guidelines, and the core concepts were gathered in ONE. Three case studies were included to illustrate potential applications: (i) annotation of existing manuscripts and data, (ii) ontology-based inference, and (iii) estimation of reporting completeness in a sample of nine manuscripts. Ontologies for "food and nutrition" (n = 37), "disease and specific population" (n = 100), "data description" (n = 21), "research description" (n = 35), and "supplementary (meta) data description" (n = 44) were reviewed and listed. ONE consists of 339 classes: 79 new classes to describe data and 24 new classes to describe the content of manuscripts. ONE is a resource to automate data integration, searching, and browsing, and can be used to assess reporting completeness in nutritional epidemiology.

ACS Style

Chen Yang; Henry Ambayo; Bernard De Baets; Patrick Kolsteren; Nattapon Thanintorn; Dana Hawwash; Jildau Bouwman; Antoon Bronselaer; Filip Pattyn; Carl Lachat. An Ontology to Standardize Research Output of Nutritional Epidemiology: From Paper-Based Standards to Linked Content. Nutrients 2019, 11, 1300 .

AMA Style

Chen Yang, Henry Ambayo, Bernard De Baets, Patrick Kolsteren, Nattapon Thanintorn, Dana Hawwash, Jildau Bouwman, Antoon Bronselaer, Filip Pattyn, Carl Lachat. An Ontology to Standardize Research Output of Nutritional Epidemiology: From Paper-Based Standards to Linked Content. Nutrients. 2019; 11 (6):1300.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chen Yang; Henry Ambayo; Bernard De Baets; Patrick Kolsteren; Nattapon Thanintorn; Dana Hawwash; Jildau Bouwman; Antoon Bronselaer; Filip Pattyn; Carl Lachat. 2019. "An Ontology to Standardize Research Output of Nutritional Epidemiology: From Paper-Based Standards to Linked Content." Nutrients 11, no. 6: 1300.

Journal article
Published: 02 April 2019 in Nutrition Journal
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Evidences indicate that the risk of linear growth faltering is higher among children born from young mothers. Although such findings have been documented in various studies, they mainly originate from cross-sectional data and demographic and health surveys which are not designed to capture the growth trajectories of the same group of children. This study aimed to assess the association between young maternal age and linear growth of infants using data from a birth cohort study in Ethiopia. A total of 1423 mother-infant pairs, from a birth cohort study in rural Ethiopia were included in this study. They were followed for five time points, with three months interval until the infants were 12 months old. However, the analysis was based on 1378 subjects with at least one additional follow-up measurement to the baseline. A team of data collectors including nurses collected questionnaire based data and anthropometric measurements from the dyads. We fitted linear mixed-effects model with random intercept and random slope to determine associations of young maternal age and linear growth of infants over the follow-up period after adjusting for potential confounders. Overall, 27.2% of the mothers were adolescents (15-19 years) and the mean ± SD age of the mothers was 20 ± 2 years. Infant Length for Age Z score (LAZ) at birth was negatively associated with maternal age of 15-19 years (β = - 0.24, P = 0.032). However, young maternal age had no significant association with linear growth of the infants over the follow-up time (P = 0.105). Linear growth of infants was associated positively with improved maternal education and iron-folate intake during pregnancy and negatively with infant illness (P < 0.05). Young maternal age had a significant negative association with LAZ score of infants at birth while its association over time was not influential on their linear growth. The fact that wide spread socio economic and environmental inequalities exist among mothers of all ages may have contributed to the non-significant association between young maternal age and linear growth faltering of infants. This leaves an opportunity to develop comprehensive interventions targeting for the infants to attain optimal catch-up growth.

ACS Style

Abdulhalik Workicho; Tefera Belachew; Alemayehu Argaw; Shibani Ghosh; Meghan Kershaw; Carl Lachat; Patrick Kolsteren. Adolescent pregnancy and linear growth of infants: a birth cohort study in rural Ethiopia. Nutrition Journal 2019, 18, 22 -9.

AMA Style

Abdulhalik Workicho, Tefera Belachew, Alemayehu Argaw, Shibani Ghosh, Meghan Kershaw, Carl Lachat, Patrick Kolsteren. Adolescent pregnancy and linear growth of infants: a birth cohort study in rural Ethiopia. Nutrition Journal. 2019; 18 (1):22-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdulhalik Workicho; Tefera Belachew; Alemayehu Argaw; Shibani Ghosh; Meghan Kershaw; Carl Lachat; Patrick Kolsteren. 2019. "Adolescent pregnancy and linear growth of infants: a birth cohort study in rural Ethiopia." Nutrition Journal 18, no. 1: 22-9.