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In China, municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration (MSWI) has been increasing in recent years. However, little is known about how the operation of incinerators can affect levels of heavy metals (HMs) in nearby soils or about the possible associated health risks. It is necessary to understand the degree of enrichment of HMs and health risks to people living nearby. Previous studies (2002–2021) regarding soil HMs near MSW incinerators were collected, and a cluster and factor analysis was used to evaluate the accumulation trends and distribution characteritics of HMs. The soil contamination degrees and the consequent health risks were then assessed. Cd (0.24 ± 0.16 mg kg-1) is typically accumulated in the topsoil near incinerators, and this is followed by Hg (0.13 ± 0.09 mg kg-1). Most of the health risk due to the total HMs is derived from dermal contact. Dermal contact with Cd and As contributes to more than 67% of the non-carcinogenic risk, while dermal contact with As contributes to more than 99% of the carcinogenic risk (CR). Furthermore, 81.43% of adult males and 76.85% of adult females suffer from CR levels greater than 10-4 due to dermal exposure to As. Soils near incinerators indicated light pollution and moderate potential ecological risk, especially with regard to Cd and Hg contamination. Undeniably, there was no significant difference between the health risks from soil HMs near incinerators and from arable land at the national level. It is suggested to reduce the input quantity of HMs by taking advantage of the nationwide implementation of MSW classification and upgrading air pollution control devices for further HM emission reductions.
Junxiao Wei; Huan Li; Jianguo Liu. Heavy metal pollution in the soil around municipal solid waste incinerators and its health risks in China. Environmental Research 2021, 203, 111871 .
AMA StyleJunxiao Wei, Huan Li, Jianguo Liu. Heavy metal pollution in the soil around municipal solid waste incinerators and its health risks in China. Environmental Research. 2021; 203 ():111871.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJunxiao Wei; Huan Li; Jianguo Liu. 2021. "Heavy metal pollution in the soil around municipal solid waste incinerators and its health risks in China." Environmental Research 203, no. : 111871.
Lime mud (LM) is a kind of industrial solid waste produced in alkali recovery in papermaking industry. LM is a global environmental challenge that both China and the United States are facing. With the support of the EcoPartnership Program under the 10-year Sino-US Energy and Environment Cooperation Framework, China Sun Paper Joint Stock Co., Ltd. has successfully formed a partnership with America Mineral Technologies Inc. (MTI). MTI has applied the production technology of calcium carbonate from LM produced by alkaline papermaking (PTCC) to the Sun Paper Company. Compared with the traditional treatment technology of LM in Sun Paper Company, the reduction efficiency of the PTCC technology can reach 97.99%. The waste residue is relatively more stable and poses less threat to the environment than traditional technology. The energy consumption is low, and 4.15 kgce can be saved by treating per ton of LM. It does not release carbon dioxide to the environment, but consumes 0.485 tons of carbon dioxide per ton of LM on the contrary. Because the calcium carbonate produced can be used as a product, RMB 531 yuan can be saved in the treatment of each ton of LM. The PTCC process is conducive to the coordinated development of economic, environmental and social benefits, and realizes the sustainable development of the paper industry.
Chao Geng; Tao Ma; Jianguo Liu. Eco‐environmental benefits analysis of EcoPartnerships program of production technology of calcium carbonate from lime mud produced by alkaline papermaking. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy 2021, e13697 .
AMA StyleChao Geng, Tao Ma, Jianguo Liu. Eco‐environmental benefits analysis of EcoPartnerships program of production technology of calcium carbonate from lime mud produced by alkaline papermaking. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy. 2021; ():e13697.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChao Geng; Tao Ma; Jianguo Liu. 2021. "Eco‐environmental benefits analysis of EcoPartnerships program of production technology of calcium carbonate from lime mud produced by alkaline papermaking." Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy , no. : e13697.
This study proposes a new process to synthesize zero-valent iron/biochar (Fe0-BC) by carbothermal reduction using wood waste and iron mud as raw materials under different temperature. The characterization results showed that the Fe0-BC synthesized at 1200 °C (Fe0-BC-1200) possessed favorable adsorption capacity with the specific surface area of 103.18 m2/g and that the zero-valent iron (Fe0) particles were uniformly dispersed on the biochar surface. The removal efficiency of rhodamine B (RB) was determined to evaluate the performance of the prepared Fe0-BC. Fe0-BC-1200 presented the best performance on RB removal, which mainly ascribes to that more Fe0 particles generated at higher temperature. The equilibrium adsorption capacity reached 49.93 mg/g when the initial RB concentration and the Fe0-BC-1200 dosage were 100 mg/L and 2 g/L, respectively, and the pseudo-second-order model was suitable to fit the removal experimental data. LCMC and XRD analyses revealed that the removal mechanism included the physical adsorption of biochar and the redox reaction of Fe0. Moreover, copper existing in the iron mud was also reduced to Cu0, which was beneficial to catalyze the oxidation of iron; the degradation of RB was promoted at the same time.
Chao Chen; Jianguo Liu; Chao Gen; Qin Liu; Xuetao Zhu; Wenzhi Qi; Fan Wang. Synthesis of zero-valent iron/biochar by carbothermal reduction from wood waste and iron mud for removing rhodamine B. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2021, 1 -13.
AMA StyleChao Chen, Jianguo Liu, Chao Gen, Qin Liu, Xuetao Zhu, Wenzhi Qi, Fan Wang. Synthesis of zero-valent iron/biochar by carbothermal reduction from wood waste and iron mud for removing rhodamine B. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021; ():1-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChao Chen; Jianguo Liu; Chao Gen; Qin Liu; Xuetao Zhu; Wenzhi Qi; Fan Wang. 2021. "Synthesis of zero-valent iron/biochar by carbothermal reduction from wood waste and iron mud for removing rhodamine B." Environmental Science and Pollution Research , no. : 1-13.
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) are the key pollutants of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI). In this study, the characteristics of 17 toxic 2,3,7,8-substituted congeners in flue gas along six air pollution control devices (APCDs) were investigated in a 400 t/d moving grate furnace located in a typical megacity of Shenzhen, China. The phase distribution and removal efficiency of the different APCDs were analyzed, especially the effect of the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) device. The results showed that PCDD/F TEQs were 59.5%, 67.1%, and 72.5% partitioned into the gas phase (XAD-2 and condensed water) at the economizer outlet, fabric filter outlet, and stack, respectively. Furthermore, the three-year-old catalyst in the SCR tended to remove PCDDs, especially those in the solid phase (filter thimble). More importantly, the PCDF TEQs at the SCR inlet and outlet were 1.045 × 10−3 and 1.568 × 10−3 ng I-TEQ/Nm3, respectively, which meant that the SCR might be ineffective for PCDF TEQ removal. A continuous chlorination of lower chlorinated PCDD/Fs increased the ratio of PCDFs and PCDDs from 0.73 at the SCR inlet to 1.76 at the SCR outlet. This work indicated the asynchronized inefficient removal of PCDD/Fs and nitrogen oxide for this three-year-old catalyst. The obtained results provide suggestions for the entire process of curbing PCDD/F emissions and obtaining ultra-low emission from MSWI.
Junxiao Wei; Huan Li; Jianguo Liu. Phase distribution of PCDD/Fs in flue gas from municipal solid waste incinerator with ultra-low emission control in China. Chemosphere 2021, 276, 130166 .
AMA StyleJunxiao Wei, Huan Li, Jianguo Liu. Phase distribution of PCDD/Fs in flue gas from municipal solid waste incinerator with ultra-low emission control in China. Chemosphere. 2021; 276 ():130166.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJunxiao Wei; Huan Li; Jianguo Liu. 2021. "Phase distribution of PCDD/Fs in flue gas from municipal solid waste incinerator with ultra-low emission control in China." Chemosphere 276, no. : 130166.
When the leachate collection system (LCS) clogged, the accumulated leachate mound within the landfill will rise both the disposal operation safety and groundwater contamination risks, which is a common phenomenon in China. In our previous studies, geotextile filtration tests and a set of simulated column experiments were conducted to investigate the physical and biochemical clogging mechanisms, respectively. To evaluate the LCS failure development in the long term, in this study, based on the field investigations and above experiments, a comprehensive finite element numerical model was developed to predict the LCS clogging and leachate accumulation. Results showed that the LCS in China was facing serious clogging challenges. Due to the larger size and higher concentration of particle matter in raw leachate, the pores of the nonwoven geotextile were clogged by it over a shorter period than designed. Meanwhile, under the assistance of biological and biochemical clogging, the hydraulic conductivity of the geotextile layer decreased to 10−8-10−9 (m/s) over 1–2 years and resulted in leachate accumulation within the waste layer. In contrast, the gravel layer clogging was dominated by biochemical reactions, which were relatively slow but continuously. When the gravel layer was completely clogged after 17 years of simulated operation, the stagnated leachate mound inside the landfill body and the leachate head on the bottom liner would both rise to the unacceptable height. Therefore, the LCS clogging should be fully considered in municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill design and operation in China.
Yili Liu; Jianguo Liu. Mechanism and dynamic evolution of leachate collection system clogging in MSW landfills in China. Waste Management 2020, 120, 314 -321.
AMA StyleYili Liu, Jianguo Liu. Mechanism and dynamic evolution of leachate collection system clogging in MSW landfills in China. Waste Management. 2020; 120 ():314-321.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYili Liu; Jianguo Liu. 2020. "Mechanism and dynamic evolution of leachate collection system clogging in MSW landfills in China." Waste Management 120, no. : 314-321.
Food waste has a great potential for resource recovery due to its huge yield and high organic content. Oriented fermentation is a promising method with strong application prospects due to high efficiency, strong robustness, and high-value products. Different fermentation types lead to different products, which can be shifted by adjusting fermentation conditions such as inoculum, pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), organic loading rate (OLR), and nutrients. Compared with other types, lactic acid fermentation has the lowest reliance on artificial intervention. Lactic acid and volatile fatty acids are the common products, and high yield and high purity are the main targets of food waste fermentation. In addition to operational parameters, reactors and processes should be paid more attention to for industrial application. Currently, continuously stirred tank reactors and one-stage processes are used principally for scale-up continuous fermentation of food waste. Electro-fermentation and iron-based or carbon-based additives can improve food waste fermentation, but their mechanisms and application need further investigation. After fermentation, the recovery of target products is a key problem due to the lack of green and economic methods. Precipitation, distillation, extraction, adsorption, and membrane separation can be considered, but the recovery step is still the most expensive in the entire treatment chain. It is expected to develop more efficient fermentation processes and recovery strategies based on food waste composition and market demand.
Qiao Wang; Huan Li; Kai Feng; Jianguo Liu. Oriented Fermentation of Food Waste towards High-Value Products: A Review. Energies 2020, 13, 5638 .
AMA StyleQiao Wang, Huan Li, Kai Feng, Jianguo Liu. Oriented Fermentation of Food Waste towards High-Value Products: A Review. Energies. 2020; 13 (21):5638.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQiao Wang; Huan Li; Kai Feng; Jianguo Liu. 2020. "Oriented Fermentation of Food Waste towards High-Value Products: A Review." Energies 13, no. 21: 5638.
Leachate collection system (LCS) clogging is a common operational problem in municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills in China, which can result in high leachate levels that threaten the safety of landfill operations and subsequently increase the leachate leakage risk. In our previous research, a filtration test was conducted and the physical clogging effect was evaluated. To fully analyze the LCS failure, in this study, a set of column experiments were carried out to investigate the biochemical clogging development and mechanisms. Results showed that the biofilm and deposited CaCO3 composed the primary clogging materials. During the experimental period, the hydraulic conductivities in simulated gravel and nonwoven geotextile drainage layers were observed (91.7% and five orders of magnitude reduction), and decreased to 10−4 and 10−8 m s−1, respectively. Therefore, the significance of the geotextile layer in LCS designing needs to be reconsidered. The biochemical clogging was positively correlated with volatile fatty acids (VFAs), and Ca2+ loading and the Ca2+ played the dominant role. Meanwhile, an improved method for analyzing biochemical clogging development was proposed.
Yili Liu; Jianguo Liu. The BioChemical Clogging of Landfill Leachate Collection System: Based on Laboratory Studies. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 2299 .
AMA StyleYili Liu, Jianguo Liu. The BioChemical Clogging of Landfill Leachate Collection System: Based on Laboratory Studies. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (7):2299.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYili Liu; Jianguo Liu. 2020. "The BioChemical Clogging of Landfill Leachate Collection System: Based on Laboratory Studies." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7: 2299.
Municipal SolidWaste (MSW) management in China has been transitioning from a mixed collection and treatment system to a separated collection and treatment system. The continuous rise of MSW treatment capacity and the optimization of technology structure provided basic facility support for China to promote MSW separation at source. China preferred a four-type separation system. Regulated recycling should be enhanced to improve the efficiency and sustainability of recycling industry. As food waste is the main composition of MSW in China, 20%–30% of the food waste diversion and land application could maximize the comprehensive environmental performance. Incineration is to be the pillar technology in MSW separated treatment system in China.
Jianguo Liu; Shuyao Yu; Yixuan Shang. Toward separation at source: Evolution of Municipal Solid Waste management in China. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020, 14, 1 -3.
AMA StyleJianguo Liu, Shuyao Yu, Yixuan Shang. Toward separation at source: Evolution of Municipal Solid Waste management in China. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering. 2020; 14 (2):1-3.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJianguo Liu; Shuyao Yu; Yixuan Shang. 2020. "Toward separation at source: Evolution of Municipal Solid Waste management in China." Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 14, no. 2: 1-3.
Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI-FA) has been strictly controlled as hazardous waste globally because it contains various heavy metals and dioxins. This study prepared a nanometallic Al/CaO (n-Al/CaO) dispersion mixture via ball-milling as a reductive stabilization reagent for the simultaneous immobilization of heavy metals and detoxification of POPs like substance in MSWI-FA. Under optimal conditions, Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb had been significantly immobilized (over 99.9%) and the leaching concentration of Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb were below the detectable limit. Simultaneously, 82.43% of HCB can be destructed into alkanes and amorphous carbon. The porous structure of the fly ash and alkaline surface of n-Al/CaO promoted the adsorption and cracking of HCB. The highly active n-Al/CaO interacted with water as the hydrogen donor to promote the reductive dechlorination process. Hydrocalumite was a new mineral formed from the adsorption and complexation of heavy metal. Therefore, n-Al/CaO can strengthen the control of heavy metals in the S/S treatment of MSWI-FA, effectively detoxify chlorinated organics, and reduce environmental health risks.
Shuyao Yu; Bing Du; Amanjiao Baheiduola; Chao Geng; Jianguo Liu. HCB dechlorination combined with heavy metals immobilization in MSWI fly ash by using n-Al/CaO dispersion mixture. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2020, 392, 122510 .
AMA StyleShuyao Yu, Bing Du, Amanjiao Baheiduola, Chao Geng, Jianguo Liu. HCB dechlorination combined with heavy metals immobilization in MSWI fly ash by using n-Al/CaO dispersion mixture. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2020; 392 ():122510.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShuyao Yu; Bing Du; Amanjiao Baheiduola; Chao Geng; Jianguo Liu. 2020. "HCB dechlorination combined with heavy metals immobilization in MSWI fly ash by using n-Al/CaO dispersion mixture." Journal of Hazardous Materials 392, no. : 122510.
The ecological risk of heavy metals (HM) resulting from the use of sewage sludge compost (SSC) as an amendment to flower garden soil (FGS) and to abandoned phosphate mine soil (APMS) influenced by acid rain were simulated in lysimeter trials and the potential ecological risk index (PERI) was evaluated with minor modifications. The use of SSC indeed increased the mobility and release of HMs in FGS and APMS under conditions of acid rain. The leaching dynamics of HMs was found to be influenced by Fe/Al oxides and organic matter (OM) in the soil. The application of SSC as a fertilizer to barren APMS dramatically decreased the mobility of Cr, Cu and Pb by 51–56% due to their retention by particulate organic matter, while the leaching of As, Cd and Ni was increased as the result of competition with OM for available Fe/Al oxides (As) and proton-metal exchange reactions that occurred in HM-OM complexes (Cd and Ni). The ecological risk of FGS and APMS resulting from HM migration was actually low (PERI = 0.07–0.12), but the increased potential ecological risk resulting from the use of SSC were estimated to be moderate (a 16.0–33.5% increase in PERI for SSC-amended FGS) or high (a 140% increase in PERI for SSC-amended APMS). Ni, Cd and Cu were identified as the three main HMs responsible for increasing the ecological risk in soil which was mainly composed of fine-grained particles, whereas Cd and As were key ecological risks HMs in soil that was mainly composed of coarse-grained particles.
Guangxia Qi; Yufeng Jia; Wenjie Liu; Yonghong Wei; Bin Du; Wen Fang; Yumei Guo; Fang Guo; Yihui Wu; Qiong Zou; Jianguo Liu. Leaching behavior and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in Southwestern China soils applied with sewage sludge compost under acid precipitation based on lysimeter trials. Chemosphere 2020, 249, 126212 .
AMA StyleGuangxia Qi, Yufeng Jia, Wenjie Liu, Yonghong Wei, Bin Du, Wen Fang, Yumei Guo, Fang Guo, Yihui Wu, Qiong Zou, Jianguo Liu. Leaching behavior and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in Southwestern China soils applied with sewage sludge compost under acid precipitation based on lysimeter trials. Chemosphere. 2020; 249 ():126212.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuangxia Qi; Yufeng Jia; Wenjie Liu; Yonghong Wei; Bin Du; Wen Fang; Yumei Guo; Fang Guo; Yihui Wu; Qiong Zou; Jianguo Liu. 2020. "Leaching behavior and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in Southwestern China soils applied with sewage sludge compost under acid precipitation based on lysimeter trials." Chemosphere 249, no. : 126212.
This study explores individual contributions and synergistic effects of food and paper, main components of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) towards volatile fatty acids (VFA) fermentation under different temperatures (25, 37, 42 and 52 °C). Thanks to the synergism of food and paper component (FC & PC), the results revealed that OFMSW is suitable for VFA production. Maximum VFA production was noticed to be 21.5 mg/L at 42 °C, ~2.1, and 1.42 times higher than fermentation of PC and FC. Enhanced hydrolysis of PC occurred at >37 °C, increasing alkalinity in leachate to 6.7 g/L at 42 °C, thus maintaining a stable pH (5.4–5.6) during acidogenic fermentation. Additionally, 74% of COD is hydrolyzed, of which 79% is converted to VFA based on biodegradable carbon at 42 °C. It is suggested that co-existence of FC and PC can enhance VFA production of OFMSW, and targeted VFA production can be maximized through process optimization.
Abdul F. Soomro; Irfan Ahmed Abbasi; Zhe Ni; Li Ying; Jianguo Liu. Influence of temperature on enhancement of volatile fatty acids fermentation from organic fraction of municipal solid waste: Synergism between food and paper components. Bioresource Technology 2020, 304, 122980 .
AMA StyleAbdul F. Soomro, Irfan Ahmed Abbasi, Zhe Ni, Li Ying, Jianguo Liu. Influence of temperature on enhancement of volatile fatty acids fermentation from organic fraction of municipal solid waste: Synergism between food and paper components. Bioresource Technology. 2020; 304 ():122980.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdul F. Soomro; Irfan Ahmed Abbasi; Zhe Ni; Li Ying; Jianguo Liu. 2020. "Influence of temperature on enhancement of volatile fatty acids fermentation from organic fraction of municipal solid waste: Synergism between food and paper components." Bioresource Technology 304, no. : 122980.
Extraction of heavy metals is the preferred option for municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash (FA) stabilization and reutilization. In this paper, a co-reduction process for FA and red mud (RM) was proposed. The complementary compositions of FA and RM were favorable for the volatilization of volatile heavy metals and the alloy formation of siderophile heavy metals in the co-reduction system. The molten stage temperature of co-reduction FA and RM can be decreased significantly to 1100 °C – 1300 °C, compared with the molten stage temperature of direct melting FA above 1400 °C. The wastes were converted into three products: iron alloy containing Fe, Cu, Ni, and Cr; secondary FA containing Pb, Zn, and Cd; and vitrified slag. In the optimized co-reduction process, 76.06 % Fe, 74.53 % Cu, 83.40 % Ni, and 58.44 % Cr can be recovered by iron alloy, and 98.95 % Cd, 98.21 % Pb, and 86.78 % Zn can be recovered by secondary FA. The contents of heavy metals in the vitrified slag are much lower than those in traditional direct melting slag. Consequently, this co-reduction process could be a more environmentally sound solution for beneficial reutilization of FA and RM.
Chao Geng; Chao Chen; Xianfeng Shi; Shichao Wu; Yufeng Jia; Bing Du; Jianguo Liu. Recovery of metals from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash and red mud via a co-reduction process. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2019, 154, 104600 .
AMA StyleChao Geng, Chao Chen, Xianfeng Shi, Shichao Wu, Yufeng Jia, Bing Du, Jianguo Liu. Recovery of metals from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash and red mud via a co-reduction process. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2019; 154 ():104600.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChao Geng; Chao Chen; Xianfeng Shi; Shichao Wu; Yufeng Jia; Bing Du; Jianguo Liu. 2019. "Recovery of metals from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash and red mud via a co-reduction process." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 154, no. : 104600.
Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI-FA) is classified as hazardous waste that requires an effective processing method. This study proposed an innovative technique process, co-reduction of MSWI-FA and red mud followed by magnetic separation, to prepare crude alloy and cleaned slag. In this process, MSWI-FA acted not only as a reductant to reduce metal minerals in MSWI-FA and red mud to form an alloy, but also as a calcium additive to enhance the reduction of metal minerals and alter the melting point of the CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 system. Under optimal conditions, 85.52% Fe, 80.10% Cu, 92.96% Ni, and 66.74% Cr can be recovered in the form of a Fe-Cu-Ni-Cr alloy. The Fe-Cu-Ni-Cr alloy containing 96.47% Fe, 0.81% Cu, 0.65% Ni, and 0.42% Cr can be used for weathering steel production. Other heavy metals, including Cd, Pb, and Zn, were removed via volatilization. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure test indicated that the leaching toxicity of the cleaned slag was substantially below the standard limits. The characteristics of the cleaned slag were similar to those of ground granulated blast furnace slag, suggesting its potential application in cement production.
Chao Geng; Jianguo Liu; Shichao Wu; Yufeng Jia; Bing Du; Shuyao Yu. Novel method for comprehensive utilization of MSWI fly ash through co-reduction with red mud to prepare crude alloy and cleaned slag. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2019, 384, 121315 .
AMA StyleChao Geng, Jianguo Liu, Shichao Wu, Yufeng Jia, Bing Du, Shuyao Yu. Novel method for comprehensive utilization of MSWI fly ash through co-reduction with red mud to prepare crude alloy and cleaned slag. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2019; 384 ():121315.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChao Geng; Jianguo Liu; Shichao Wu; Yufeng Jia; Bing Du; Shuyao Yu. 2019. "Novel method for comprehensive utilization of MSWI fly ash through co-reduction with red mud to prepare crude alloy and cleaned slag." Journal of Hazardous Materials 384, no. : 121315.
Cement-solidification and chelator-stabilisation of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI-FA) are two main treatment techniques to immobilise heavy metals. Differences in the long-term stabilities of those two methods of heavy-metal immobilisation were explored to aid in determining the better MSWI-FA treatment. However, few comparative studies have been conducted on 6-year-old cement-solidified FA (Ce-6-FA) and chelator-stabilised FA (Ch-6-FA). In this study, we compared the physicochemical and heavy metal leaching characteristics of Ce-6-FA and Ch-6-FA. The chemical speciation of heavy metals was modelled using geochemical software to assess long-term stability. The results showed weaker long-term stability in Pb immobilisation under the chelating system. The leaching concentrations of target heavy metals, acetic acid leaching tests, acid neutralising capacity, and pH-dependent leaching results indicated that Ce-6-FA had higher long-term stability than Ch-6-FA. A column experiment indicated that the cumulative release rates of Pb in Ce-6-FA and Ch-6-FA were 2.49% and 4.72%, respectively. The phase-controlled leaching of Pb in Ce-6-FA mainly occurred through Pb2(OH)3Cl and chloropyromorphite (Pb5(PO4)3Cl), whereas that in Ch-6-FA mainly occurred through Pb5(PO4)3Cl. The decomposition of heavy metal chelates in Ch-6-FA and salt generation in this process led to the release of Pb via the inorganic complex.
Bing Du; Jiantao Li; Wen Fang; Jianguo Liu. Comparison of long-term stability under natural ageing between cement solidified and chelator-stabilised MSWI fly ash. Environmental Pollution 2019, 250, 68 -78.
AMA StyleBing Du, Jiantao Li, Wen Fang, Jianguo Liu. Comparison of long-term stability under natural ageing between cement solidified and chelator-stabilised MSWI fly ash. Environmental Pollution. 2019; 250 ():68-78.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBing Du; Jiantao Li; Wen Fang; Jianguo Liu. 2019. "Comparison of long-term stability under natural ageing between cement solidified and chelator-stabilised MSWI fly ash." Environmental Pollution 250, no. : 68-78.
Solidification/stabilization (S/S) is the most common treatment for municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI-FA), and is widely applied in developed countries but has a history barely longer than 10 years in China. However, our understanding of the physicochemical characteristics of the solidified FA body after long-term natural aging is comparatively poor. Focusing on cement-solidified FA that was naturally aged for 6 years (hereafter referred to as FA-6), the physicochemical characteristics including elemental composition, mineral composition, microstructure, thermogravimetry, distribution of heavy metals in mineral phases, and leaching characteristics of inorganic salts (Na, K, Ca), anions (Cl and SO4) and heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn) were investigated in this study. By combining pH-dependent leaching results with the geochemical model LeachXS, the chemical forms of heavy metals in the FA solid phase was determined. The main conclusion was as follows: (1) soluble salts of FA-6 decreased by more than 92% compared with fresh FA. (2) In FA-6, the proportions of Pb, Cd and Zn in the non-mineral phase were 100%, 100% and 58%, respectively, which may cause potential environmental risk of heavy metal release. The leaching concentration of Pb was 4007.37 μg/L according to compliance batch test of HJ300, which was far higher than the landfill requirement of 250 μg/L. (3) The controlling phase for Pb in FA-6 was Pb5(PO4)3Cl (pH 2–12) and Pb2(OH)3Cl (pH > 12). (4) Carbonates, hydrous Fe oxides (HFO) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in FA-6 also affected the phase-controlled leaching of heavy metals. The carbonate fraction partly controlled the leaching of Cd, Cu and Zn. For example, smithsonite (ZnCO3) controlled the release of Zn (pH 2–13). Adsorption to solid humic acid (SHA) controlled the Cr leaching at pH < 7 and the Cu leaching except pH > 12.
Bing Du; Jiantao Li; Wen Fang; Yili Liu; Shuyao Yu; Yu Li; Jianguo Liu. Characterization of naturally aged cement-solidified MSWI fly ash. Waste Management 2018, 80, 101 -111.
AMA StyleBing Du, Jiantao Li, Wen Fang, Yili Liu, Shuyao Yu, Yu Li, Jianguo Liu. Characterization of naturally aged cement-solidified MSWI fly ash. Waste Management. 2018; 80 ():101-111.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBing Du; Jiantao Li; Wen Fang; Yili Liu; Shuyao Yu; Yu Li; Jianguo Liu. 2018. "Characterization of naturally aged cement-solidified MSWI fly ash." Waste Management 80, no. : 101-111.
A 3-years field test and laboratory leaching test have been conducted to assess the environmental impact of land application of sewage sludge compost in conjunction with wheat and rice crops. Considering the complexity and variability of field conditions, we compared the result of laboratory test with the field test to understand the accuracy and uncertainty associated with using the laboratory test to evaluate the field scenario. The laboratory test with cycling of compost additions and water percolation was a high time-efficient and feasible method to simulate the annually repeated additions of compost in the field application scenario. The results of laboratory test were congruent to the 3-years field test regarding the leaching characteristics and geochemical speciation of toxic trace elements. Both the laboratory and the field test showed that repeated additions of compost to soils can increase leaching concentrations of toxic trace elements at neutral to alkaline pH. Increased toxic trace elements leaching was caused by the increase of organic matter from compost application and organic matter dissolution at alkaline pH. Uncertainties of the laboratory test mainly included the negligibility of crop growth and the strongly reducing condition formed with continuous percolation procedure.
Wen Fang; Guangxia Qi; Yonghong Wei; David S. Kosson; Hans A. van der Sloot; Jianguo Liu. Leaching characteristic of toxic trace elements in soils amended by sewage sludge compost: A comparison of field and laboratory investigations. Environmental Pollution 2018, 237, 244 -252.
AMA StyleWen Fang, Guangxia Qi, Yonghong Wei, David S. Kosson, Hans A. van der Sloot, Jianguo Liu. Leaching characteristic of toxic trace elements in soils amended by sewage sludge compost: A comparison of field and laboratory investigations. Environmental Pollution. 2018; 237 ():244-252.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWen Fang; Guangxia Qi; Yonghong Wei; David S. Kosson; Hans A. van der Sloot; Jianguo Liu. 2018. "Leaching characteristic of toxic trace elements in soils amended by sewage sludge compost: A comparison of field and laboratory investigations." Environmental Pollution 237, no. : 244-252.
The impacts of ZVI on microbial community diversity in an anaerobic assay with high organic loading were investigated. The relative abundance of bacteria, archaea, and the functional methyl coenzyme-M reductase (mcrA) gene were investigated using high-throughput sequencing, and variations in their quantity were determined by qPCR. The results showed that ZVI significantly increased both the relative abundance and quantity of Methanobacteriales and Methanosarcinales during hydrogenotrophic and acetoclastic methanogenesis. The relative abundance of syntrophic Methanobacteriales at the hydrolysis and acidogenesis stages resulted in H-2 partial pressure decrease through an interspecies hydrogen transfer (IHT) network, which further induced butyric conversion to acetic by Syntrophomonas. The primary microbial metabolism then converted to acetoclastic methanogensis in the assay with ZVI addition. The short duration of this process and high relative abundance of Syntrophomonas, Clostridium butyricum and Methanosarcinales potentially indicated the existence of a novelty syntrophic mechanism for extracellular electron transfer, which promoted CH4 generation.
Xin Kong; Shuyao Yu; Wen Fang; Jianguo Liu; Huan Li. Enhancing syntrophic associations among Clostridium butyricum, Syntrophomonas and two types of methanogen by zero valent iron in an anaerobic assay with a high organic loading. Bioresource Technology 2018, 257, 181 -191.
AMA StyleXin Kong, Shuyao Yu, Wen Fang, Jianguo Liu, Huan Li. Enhancing syntrophic associations among Clostridium butyricum, Syntrophomonas and two types of methanogen by zero valent iron in an anaerobic assay with a high organic loading. Bioresource Technology. 2018; 257 ():181-191.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXin Kong; Shuyao Yu; Wen Fang; Jianguo Liu; Huan Li. 2018. "Enhancing syntrophic associations among Clostridium butyricum, Syntrophomonas and two types of methanogen by zero valent iron in an anaerobic assay with a high organic loading." Bioresource Technology 257, no. : 181-191.
The design of French VFCWs leads to the formation of a sludge layer at the surface of the first filters due to the retention of suspended solids from the percolation of unsettled wastewater. This layer plays a major role in the system but still little is known on its characteristics and evolutions. In this study, suspended solids and sludge deposits sampled from two French VFCW plants were analyzed by different methods in the objective to assess the evolution of particulate organic matter (POM) along the treatment chain and within the sludge layer, and identify relevant analytical indicators of these phenomena. The treatment chain included an aerobic trickling filter followed by FeCl injection and two successive stages of filters. Thermal analyses showed that OM contents of suspended solids decreased along the treatment chain. POM in inflow suspended solids was predominantly composed of reactive, biodegradable compounds which were partly hydrolyzed and mineralized notably at the trickling filter stage. 3D fluorescence spectra collected from aqueous POM extracts confirmed the evolution of organic matter from low-molecular reactive compounds to more complex and stable structures such as humic-like substances. FTIR confirmed the mineralization of POM's reactive constituents along the treatment chain by the decrease in the intensities of the characteristics bands of aliphatic compounds or proteins, and its humification in the sludge deposits through the relative increase of the bands at 1634cm (v) and 1238cm (δ and/or δ). Isotopic ratios δH/H and δN/N were found to be good indicators of POM evolutions. The higher values of δH/H and δN/N ratios measured in sludge deposits as compared to inflow suspended solids were related to POM humification and to microbial processes of POM hydrolysis and mineralization, respectively.
M. Kania; M. Gautier; Z. Ni; E. Bonjour; R. Guégan; P. Michel; P. Jame; J. Liu; R. Gourdon. Analytical indicators to characterize Particulate Organic Matter (POM) and its evolution in French Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands (VFCWs). Science of The Total Environment 2018, 622-623, 801 -813.
AMA StyleM. Kania, M. Gautier, Z. Ni, E. Bonjour, R. Guégan, P. Michel, P. Jame, J. Liu, R. Gourdon. Analytical indicators to characterize Particulate Organic Matter (POM) and its evolution in French Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands (VFCWs). Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 622-623 ():801-813.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Kania; M. Gautier; Z. Ni; E. Bonjour; R. Guégan; P. Michel; P. Jame; J. Liu; R. Gourdon. 2018. "Analytical indicators to characterize Particulate Organic Matter (POM) and its evolution in French Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands (VFCWs)." Science of The Total Environment 622-623, no. : 801-813.
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) contamination of soils remains a significant environmental challenge all over the world. Reductive stabilization is a developing technology that can decompose the HCB with a dechlorination process. A nanometallic Al/CaO (n-Al/CaO) dispersion mixture was developed utilizing ball-milling technology in this study. The dechlorination efficiency of HCB in contaminated soils by the n-Al/CaO grinding treatment was evaluated. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to investigate the effects of three variables (soil moisture content, n-Al/CaO dosage and grinding time) and the interactions between these variables under the Box-Behnken Design (BBD). A high regression coefficient value (R2 = 0.9807) and low p value (<0.0001) of the quadratic model indicated that the model was accurate in predicting the experimental results. The optimal soil moisture content, n-Al/CaO dosage, and grinding time were found to be 7% (m/m), 17.7% (m/m), and 24 h, respectively, in the experimental ranges and levels. Under optimal conditions, the dechlorination efficiency was 80%. The intermediate product analysis indicated that dechlorination was the process by stepwise loss of chloride atoms. The main pathway observed within 24 h was HCB → pentachlorobenzene (PeCB) → 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene (TeCB) and 1,2,4,5-TeCB. The results indicated that the moderate soil moisture content was crucial for the hydrodechlorination of HCB. A probable mechanism was proposed wherein water acted like a hydrogen donor and promoted the hydrodechlorination process. The potential application of n-Al/CaO is an environmentally-friendly and cost-effective option for decontamination of HCB-contaminated soils.
Yuhui Jiang; Yixuan Shang; Shuyao Yu; Jianguo Liu. Dechlorination of Hexachlorobenzene in Contaminated Soils Using a Nanometallic Al/CaO Dispersion Mixture: Optimization through Response Surface Methodology. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2018, 15, 872 .
AMA StyleYuhui Jiang, Yixuan Shang, Shuyao Yu, Jianguo Liu. Dechlorination of Hexachlorobenzene in Contaminated Soils Using a Nanometallic Al/CaO Dispersion Mixture: Optimization through Response Surface Methodology. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15 (5):872.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYuhui Jiang; Yixuan Shang; Shuyao Yu; Jianguo Liu. 2018. "Dechlorination of Hexachlorobenzene in Contaminated Soils Using a Nanometallic Al/CaO Dispersion Mixture: Optimization through Response Surface Methodology." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 5: 872.
Clogging of the leachate collection system (LCS) has been a common operation problem in municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills in China, which can result in high water levels that threaten the safety of landfill operations. To determine the cause of failure in an LCS, raw leachate from a municipal solid waste transfer station was collected and the high content of particulate matter was characterized. Based on the parameters obtained in a filtration test, a numerical simulation was performed to estimate the influence of particle deposition on drainage system clogging. The results showed that LCSs were confronted with the risk of clogging due to the deposition of particulate matter resulting from the higher concentration of total suspended solids (TSS level > 2200 mg L−1) and larger particle size (>30% TSS particles > 15 μm) in the leachate. On one hand, the non-woven geotextile, as the upper layer of the LCS, retained most particulate matter of large diameters, reducing its hydraulic conductivity to approximately 10−8 to 10−9 m s−1 after 1–2 years of operation and perching significant leachate above it (0.6–0.7 m). On the other hand, the geotextile prevented the gravel layer from physically clogging and minimized the leachate head above the bottom liner. Therefore, the role of geotextile should be balanced to optimize the LCS in MSW landfills in China.
Yili Liu; Weixin Sun; Bing Du; Jianguo Liu. The Physical Clogging of the Landfill Leachate Collection System in China: Based on Filtration Test and Numerical Modelling. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2018, 15, 318 .
AMA StyleYili Liu, Weixin Sun, Bing Du, Jianguo Liu. The Physical Clogging of the Landfill Leachate Collection System in China: Based on Filtration Test and Numerical Modelling. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15 (2):318.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYili Liu; Weixin Sun; Bing Du; Jianguo Liu. 2018. "The Physical Clogging of the Landfill Leachate Collection System in China: Based on Filtration Test and Numerical Modelling." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 2: 318.