Maximising financial performance while maintaining adequate liquidity is a crucial and ongoing challenge for bank management, particularly in emerging markets. This study focuses on the relationship between capital structure and financial performance in Jordanian banks, with the mediating role of liquidity risk. Using panel data from 13 central Jordanian banks over the 2015–2022 period, we employ structural equation modelling (SEM) to analyse how capital structure ratios (equity-to-asset, debt-to-loan, and deposit-to-asset) influence financial performance metrics (return on assets and net income-to-expenditure ratio). Our findings reveal a significant positive association between capital structure and financial performance. However, liquidity risk fully mediates this effect. Capital structure primarily impacts performance by influencing a bank’s liquidity risk profile. Furthermore, the strength of this mediating effect is noteworthy—capital structure exhibits a statistically more robust association with liquidity risk than its direct impact on performance. This highlights the crucial role of managing liquidity risk within the complex dynamics of bank operations. This research makes a significant contribution to the existing literature by demonstrating the positive impact of capital structure on performance using the underlying mechanism through which this effect occurs. The insights of this research provide several implications for practice in the context of banking industries.

Purpose: This study examines the function of total reserves in light of the relationship between the economic freedom index and the corruption perception index during the COVID-19 period over countries.Design/methodology/approach: This analysis encompasses a sample of 102 nations, spanning the time period from 2020 to 2021, and draws data from several sources. By employing a random effects model, we are able to adequately address the potential influence of year-specific factors, including the effects of COVID-19, as well as country-specific disparities. This approach allows for a comprehensive examination of our primary variables, assuring a nuanced study.Findings: The findings indicate that when economic freedom and reserves are examined separately, they tend to promote corruption. However, when these factors are studied together, they have a complementary effect in reducing corruption. The impact of the COVID-19 period further confirms the relationship, highlighting its substantial influence on the interplay between economic freedom, reserves, and corruption.Research limitations/implications: The time frame spanning just two years and the sample limited to 102 nations may affect the generalizability of the findings. Therefore, there is a clear need for additional research to facilitate more comprehensive generalizations.Originality/value: This study is notable for its distinctive examination of the function of Total Reserves in light of the association between the economic freedom index and the corruption perception index. Within the framework of the challenging COVID-19 era, this investigation offers novel perspectives on the intricate dynamics among economic freedom, reserves, and corruption perceptions.

Purpose: This study examines the determinants affecting the adoption of blockchain technology in Jordanian audit businesses, emphasizing age disparities among auditors. This study significantly contributes by analyzing generational differences in blockchain technology (BCT) uptake, offering valuable insights into how age-related factors influence individuals' attitudes, perceptions and intentions toward adopting innovative technologies. By examining how different generations respond to BCT. Design/methodology/approach: This research integrates the diffusion of innovation theory with the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology, utilizing structural equation modeling through AMOS to examine data gathered from 139 auditors in both Big 4 and non-Big 4 organizations in Jordan. Findings: Observability, compatibility and relative advantages strongly affect adoption intention, emphasizing the need for explicit benefits and smooth integration. However, trialability negatively correlates with adoption, suggesting practical trials may slow adoption. The research shows that middle-aged and senior auditors (Generations X and Y) prioritize specific benefits, whereas younger professionals (Generations Y and Z) stress comparative benefits. Research limitations/implications: The study provides essential insights for audit firms and policymakers aiming to utilize blockchain technology, highlighting the importance of tangible utility and organizational alignment in adoption choices. Originality/value: In addition to examining the determinants affecting the adoption of blockchain technology, this paper examines the generational differences that could influence technology usage and adoption.