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Dr. Daniel Balsalobre Lorente
Castilla La Mancha University

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Journal article
Published: 23 August 2021 in Sustainability
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The aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic has two striking impacts on the economy of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. First, the economic contraction of business and economic activities. Second, the effect of oil prices dropping as energy demand decreases in the international market. This study seeks to underpin the linkage between GDP growth, oil price, foreign direct investment (FDI), air transport, social globalization and carbon dioxide emission by applying time-series econometrics techniques of the following: fully modified ordinary least squares, dynamic ordinary least squares and canonical tests. The results of the Johansen cointegration test and empirical analysis trace a long-run equilibrium relationship between the highlighted variables. Our study shows that a 1% increase in FDI attraction increases economic growth by 0.004%; similarly, air transport and oil rent from KSA increased economic growth by 0.547% and 0.005%, respectively. These outcomes are indicative of the GDP growth ambition of the KSA economy in order to intensify FDI attraction and the air transportation sector. However, we also observe that increases in CO2 emission increase GDP growth. Thus, this suggests that the economic growth in KSA is not green, indicating the need for green economic growth pursuit targets.

ACS Style

Mary Oluwatoyin Agboola; Festus Victor Bekun; Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente. Implications of Social Isolation in Combating COVID-19 Outbreak in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Its Consequences on the Carbon Emissions Reduction. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9476 .

AMA Style

Mary Oluwatoyin Agboola, Festus Victor Bekun, Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente. Implications of Social Isolation in Combating COVID-19 Outbreak in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Its Consequences on the Carbon Emissions Reduction. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):9476.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mary Oluwatoyin Agboola; Festus Victor Bekun; Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente. 2021. "Implications of Social Isolation in Combating COVID-19 Outbreak in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Its Consequences on the Carbon Emissions Reduction." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 9476.

Journal article
Published: 14 August 2021 in Journal of Environmental Management
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Mitigation of carbon dioxide emissions has become an utmost important global agenda, keeping into consideration the associated environmental hardships. As a result, it is important to unearth the factors which can neutralize carbon emissions to transform the world economy into a low-carbon one. Against this backdrop, this study explores the carbon dioxide neutralizing effects of economic growth, international tourism, clean energy promotion, and technological innovation in the context of five European Union (EU-5) nations during the 1990–2015 period. This study's main contribution is in terms of its approach to test the interaction effect between foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows and energy innovation on carbon dioxide emissions. The econometric analysis chronologically involves the employment of unit root, cointegration, causality, and regression methods. Overall, the findings support the inverted-U-shaped economic growth-carbon dioxide emissions nexus to verify the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. Besides, the Pollution Haven Hypothesis in the context of the selected panel is also verified as higher FDI inflows are seen to boost the carbon dioxide emission levels. The results also confirm that energy innovation moderates the harmful effect of air transport (a proxy for international tourism) on carbon dioxide emissions during the developing stage of the tourism industry. On the other hand, renewable energy promotion is found to curb carbon dioxide emissions. These findings suggest that the European governments need to enhance investments in their respective renewable energy sectors and simultaneously ensure the development of clean industries, which can collectively help these nations become carbon-neutral in the future.

ACS Style

Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente; Oana M. Driha; Nuno Carlos Leitão; Muntasir Murshed. The carbon dioxide neutralizing effect of energy innovation on international tourism in EU-5 countries under the prism of the EKC hypothesis. Journal of Environmental Management 2021, 298, 113513 .

AMA Style

Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente, Oana M. Driha, Nuno Carlos Leitão, Muntasir Murshed. The carbon dioxide neutralizing effect of energy innovation on international tourism in EU-5 countries under the prism of the EKC hypothesis. Journal of Environmental Management. 2021; 298 ():113513.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente; Oana M. Driha; Nuno Carlos Leitão; Muntasir Murshed. 2021. "The carbon dioxide neutralizing effect of energy innovation on international tourism in EU-5 countries under the prism of the EKC hypothesis." Journal of Environmental Management 298, no. : 113513.

Journal article
Published: 11 August 2021 in Energies
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Economic complexity makes it possible to assess the development of the countries, the relations of innovation, and the differentiation of products. The article considers the links between the hypotheses of the Kuznets environmental curve and economic complexity using panel data for the group of BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) from 1990 to 2015. As an econometric strategy, this study considered the panel fully modified least squares (FMOLS), panel dynamic least squares (DOLS), fixed effects (FE), and Panel Quantile Regression. The empirical results showed that economic complexity, income per capita, renewable energy, and carbon dioxide emissions are integrated with the first difference when applying the unit root test. The arguments of Pedroni and Kao cointegration tests were also used. According to these results, the variables used in this research are cointegrated in the long run. The results validated the arguments of the EKC hypothesis, i.e., the income per capita and squared income per capita are positively and negatively correlated with CO2 emissions. Moreover, economic complexity and renewable energy aim to improve environmental damage and climate change.

ACS Style

Nuno Carlos Leitão; Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente; José María Cantos-Cantos. The Impact of Renewable Energy and Economic Complexity on Carbon Emissions in BRICS Countries under the EKC Scheme. Energies 2021, 14, 4908 .

AMA Style

Nuno Carlos Leitão, Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente, José María Cantos-Cantos. The Impact of Renewable Energy and Economic Complexity on Carbon Emissions in BRICS Countries under the EKC Scheme. Energies. 2021; 14 (16):4908.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nuno Carlos Leitão; Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente; José María Cantos-Cantos. 2021. "The Impact of Renewable Energy and Economic Complexity on Carbon Emissions in BRICS Countries under the EKC Scheme." Energies 14, no. 16: 4908.

Research article
Published: 09 August 2021 in Journal of Public Affairs
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In recent decades, Spain has witnessed a considerable increase in railway and road transport infrastructure. The driver of this change has been investment from the central government, which has generated speculation regarding the possible distribution of new infrastructure according to partisan political interests. This paper aims to determine whether this political influence impacts the efficiency of the transport infrastructure. This study proposes an empirical model to assess the impact of the central government's investment in roads and railways in the country's 15 mainland autonomous communities. The empirical results reveal that the political factor, as a proxy of public finances, moderates the accessibility process. The empirical model analyses the impact of new infrastructure on structuring and territorial cohesion during 1995–2007, considered the golden decade in Spain. Based on the econometric results, we conclude that state investment in rail, moderated by the consideration of political factors, improves the accessibility of rail transport infrastructure. Finally, this study presents relevant policy implications, suggesting a new line of regulations to increase local transport infrastructure projects' quality regarding “network efficiency.”

ACS Style

Agustín Álvarez‐Herránz; M. Gabriela Lagos; Daniel Balsalobre‐Lorente. The moderating effect of the public finances on transport infrastructures in Spain. Journal of Public Affairs 2021, e2735 .

AMA Style

Agustín Álvarez‐Herránz, M. Gabriela Lagos, Daniel Balsalobre‐Lorente. The moderating effect of the public finances on transport infrastructures in Spain. Journal of Public Affairs. 2021; ():e2735.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Agustín Álvarez‐Herránz; M. Gabriela Lagos; Daniel Balsalobre‐Lorente. 2021. "The moderating effect of the public finances on transport infrastructures in Spain." Journal of Public Affairs , no. : e2735.

Journal article
Published: 29 June 2021 in Journal of Environmental Management
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This paper examines the resistance to shocks (economic, political, outbreaks etc.) of the ecological footprint in EU-5 countries over the period 1961–2016. The aim of the study is to determine whether the ecological footprint tends to return to the average with advanced econometric analysis. Efforts to move towards carbon neutrality, which increased after the Paris Agreement, are important for the countries in our analysis. To achieve our aim, we primarily used traditional and one-break unit root tests, followed by the novel SOR unit root test, which considers both sharp and smooth breaks to achieve robust results. The econometric findings show that EF and its six components (i.e., carbon, cropland, grazing land, forest, built-up land and fishing grounds) all contain unit root except the built-up land footprint for Spain and the grazing land and forest footprint for the United Kingdom. Our study provides policymakers with important information for implementing policies to reduce environmental pollution and achieve the target of carbon neutrality.

ACS Style

Abdullah Emre Caglar; Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente; Cemil Serhat Akin. Analysing the ecological footprint in EU-5 countries under a scenario of carbon neutrality: Evidence from newly developed sharp and smooth structural breaks in unit root testing. Journal of Environmental Management 2021, 295, 113155 .

AMA Style

Abdullah Emre Caglar, Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente, Cemil Serhat Akin. Analysing the ecological footprint in EU-5 countries under a scenario of carbon neutrality: Evidence from newly developed sharp and smooth structural breaks in unit root testing. Journal of Environmental Management. 2021; 295 ():113155.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdullah Emre Caglar; Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente; Cemil Serhat Akin. 2021. "Analysing the ecological footprint in EU-5 countries under a scenario of carbon neutrality: Evidence from newly developed sharp and smooth structural breaks in unit root testing." Journal of Environmental Management 295, no. : 113155.

Research article
Published: 11 May 2021 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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The Southeast Asian countries have experienced significant degrees of economic growth over the years but have not managed to safeguard their environmental attributes in tandem. As a result, the aggravation of the environmental indicators across this region casts a shadow of doubt on the sustainability of the economic growth achievements of the Southeast Asian countries. Against this milieu, this study specifically explores the influence of renewable electricity generation capacity, technological innovation, financial development, and economic growth on the ecological footprints in five Southeast Asian countries namely Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam during the period 1985–2016. One of the major novelties of this study is in terms of its approach to assess the renewable energy use-ecological footprint nexus using the renewable electricity generation capacity as an indicator of renewable energy use in the selected Southeast Asian nations. The econometric analysis involves methods that are robust to handling cross-sectional dependency and slope heterogeneity issues in the data. Accordingly, the recently developed Cross-sectional Augmented Autoregressive Distributed Lag estimator is used to predict the short- and long-run impacts on ecological footprints. The major findings suggest that higher renewable electricity generation capacity and technological innovation reduce ecological footprints, while higher financial development and economic growth increase the ecological footprints. Therefore, these findings imply that in forthcoming years, the selected Southeast Asian countries will need to tackle the environmental adversities by enhancing their renewable electricity generation capacities, increasing investment in technological development, greening the financial sector, and adopting environmentally-friendly growth policies. Hence, the implementation of relevant policies, in this regard, can be expected to ensure complementarity between economic growth and environmental welfare across Southeast Asia.

ACS Style

Ayoub Zeraibi; Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente; Muntasir Murshed. The influences of renewable electricity generation, technological innovation, financial development, and economic growth on ecological footprints in ASEAN-5 countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2021, 1 -19.

AMA Style

Ayoub Zeraibi, Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente, Muntasir Murshed. The influences of renewable electricity generation, technological innovation, financial development, and economic growth on ecological footprints in ASEAN-5 countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021; ():1-19.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ayoub Zeraibi; Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente; Muntasir Murshed. 2021. "The influences of renewable electricity generation, technological innovation, financial development, and economic growth on ecological footprints in ASEAN-5 countries." Environmental Science and Pollution Research , no. : 1-19.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2021 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Given the rise in ageing population and rising globalization, the European nations are facing difficulties in encountering the climate action and ascertaining energy security. For diffusing the energy innovations and curtailing natural resource extraction, with an objective of reducing carbon emissions, the existing policy framework in these nations might need a reorientation, and there comes the role of the study. This study recommends a policy framework for exploring the effect of natural resource extraction and age dependence on carbon emissions in top-5 European countries (EU-5) for the period of 1990–2017. By applying the Second Generation Panel Modeling approach, the empirical results indicate that the associations of carbon emissions with natural resource extraction, globalization index, and economic growth and ageing population follow an inverted U-shaped relationship, in keeping with the framework of Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. Based on the findings of the study, a multipronged Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) framework has been designed, and through this framework, SDG 7, SDG 13, and thereafter SDG 8 have been evaluated. While these three SDGs are the central focus of the study, the SDG framework has also suggested a way to evaluate several tangential SDGs.

ACS Style

Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente; Avik Sinha; Oana M. Driha; Muhammad Shujaat Mubarik. Assessing the impacts of ageing and natural resource extraction on carbon emissions: A proposed policy framework for European economies. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021, 296, 126470 .

AMA Style

Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente, Avik Sinha, Oana M. Driha, Muhammad Shujaat Mubarik. Assessing the impacts of ageing and natural resource extraction on carbon emissions: A proposed policy framework for European economies. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; 296 ():126470.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente; Avik Sinha; Oana M. Driha; Muhammad Shujaat Mubarik. 2021. "Assessing the impacts of ageing and natural resource extraction on carbon emissions: A proposed policy framework for European economies." Journal of Cleaner Production 296, no. : 126470.

Journal article
Published: 17 January 2021 in Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity
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This paper aims to measure the effect of tax contributions in promoting innovation while highlighting the role of corporate taxes in governance quality in nations within and outside the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The study applied the generalized method of moments (GMM) framework and found that good governance invariably increases the Innovation Index. Moreover, research and development expenditures revealed a positive association with the Innovation Index. However, corporate taxes and taxes paid by the business sector harm the Innovation Index. Following the investigation, we recommended that policymakers should plan well to balance the costs of innovation and tax incentives, to avoid stimulating unproductive innovations or affecting operating budgets.

ACS Style

Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente; Ayoub Zeraibi; Khurram Shehzad; José María Cantos-Cantos. Taxes, R&D Expenditures, and Open Innovation: Analyzing OECD Countries. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 2021, 7, 36 .

AMA Style

Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente, Ayoub Zeraibi, Khurram Shehzad, José María Cantos-Cantos. Taxes, R&D Expenditures, and Open Innovation: Analyzing OECD Countries. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity. 2021; 7 (1):36.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente; Ayoub Zeraibi; Khurram Shehzad; José María Cantos-Cantos. 2021. "Taxes, R&D Expenditures, and Open Innovation: Analyzing OECD Countries." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 7, no. 1: 36.

Journal article
Published: 05 January 2021 in Energies
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The present study is in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDGs) that address pertinent global issues. This study focuses on the need for access to clean and affordable energy consumption, responsible energy consumption, sustainable economic growth, and climate change mitigation. To this end, this paper evaluates the relevance of the renewable energy sector on the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) framework in Portugal, Italy, Greece, and Spain for the period 1995–2015. As an econometric strategy, we adopt the use of panel data over the highlighted countries. In the first step, we apply the unit root test recommended by Levin, Lin, and Chu in conjunction with ADF-Fisher, and Phillips-Perron for robustness and consistency. We found that the variables used in this study are integrated I (1) in the first difference. In the second step, we apply the Pedroni cointegration test, and Kao Residual cointegration test, and we observe that the variables are cointegrated in the long run. The generalized least squares (GLS), the panel fully modified least squares (FMOLS), ordinary least squares robust (OLS), and panel quantile regression are considered in this research. The econometric results validate the assumption of the environmental Kuznets curve, i.e., and there is a positive correlation between income per capita and a negative effect of squared income per capita on carbon dioxide emissions. In contrast, we observe that renewable energy reduces CO2 emissions. Finally, we also find a direct connection between the urban population and the environmental degradation in the examined blocs. These results show that in Portugal, Italy, Greece, and Spain, more is required to achieve environmental sustainability in the respective countries growth trajectory. Further policy prescriptions are appended in the concluding section of this study.

ACS Style

Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente; Nuno Carlos Leitão; Festus Victor Bekun. Fresh Validation of the Low Carbon Development Hypothesis under the EKC Scheme in Portugal, Italy, Greece and Spain. Energies 2021, 14, 250 .

AMA Style

Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente, Nuno Carlos Leitão, Festus Victor Bekun. Fresh Validation of the Low Carbon Development Hypothesis under the EKC Scheme in Portugal, Italy, Greece and Spain. Energies. 2021; 14 (1):250.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente; Nuno Carlos Leitão; Festus Victor Bekun. 2021. "Fresh Validation of the Low Carbon Development Hypothesis under the EKC Scheme in Portugal, Italy, Greece and Spain." Energies 14, no. 1: 250.

Chapter
Published: 01 December 2020 in Strategies in Sustainable Tourism, Economic Growth and Clean Energy
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During the last six decades, economic growth has been closely influenced by tourism, energy use and environmental degradation. This connection has involved several effects over energy mix, like, for example, a rising share of renewable energy sources or more efficient management in the tourism industry, which has enhanced a sustainable economic growth with lower carbon emissions. To explore these effects over economic growth for a panel of Top 10 between 1995 and 2015, we explore the role of international tourism, renewable energy use and carbon emissions. The aim of this study is to validate the Tourism-Led Growth Hypothesis (TLGH) for selected Top 10 tourism destinations. Furthermore, how structural changes impact the energy mix and their effect over income levels is also tested via the driving mentioned above forces (i.e. renewable energy use, international tourism and CO2 emissions). Through FMOLS and DOLS econometric estimations, the TLGH is confirmed. The same methodology endorses the existence of a dampening effect which raise the moderation effect between renewable energy sources and carbon emissions over economic growth. Thus, a moderating effect of the promotion of renewable sources over economic growth, via scale effect, is also endorsed.

ACS Style

Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente; Nuno Carlos Leitão; Oana M. Driha; José María Cantos-Cantos. The Impact of Tourism and Renewable Energy Use Over Economic Growth in Top 10 Tourism Destinations. Strategies in Sustainable Tourism, Economic Growth and Clean Energy 2020, 1 -14.

AMA Style

Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente, Nuno Carlos Leitão, Oana M. Driha, José María Cantos-Cantos. The Impact of Tourism and Renewable Energy Use Over Economic Growth in Top 10 Tourism Destinations. Strategies in Sustainable Tourism, Economic Growth and Clean Energy. 2020; ():1-14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente; Nuno Carlos Leitão; Oana M. Driha; José María Cantos-Cantos. 2020. "The Impact of Tourism and Renewable Energy Use Over Economic Growth in Top 10 Tourism Destinations." Strategies in Sustainable Tourism, Economic Growth and Clean Energy , no. : 1-14.

Chapter
Published: 01 December 2020 in Strategies in Sustainable Tourism, Economic Growth and Clean Energy
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Over the last few decades, a significant volume of research has been documented on the tourism-led growth hypothesis (TLGH). However, the role of education over environmental degradation is yet to be given the desired attention. This study explores the impact of air transport over economic growth between 1994 and 2014 in China, India and the US, the three economies predicted to be the largest in forthcoming years. This way, TLGH is tested while also introducing the connection between education and pollutant emissions (CO2) for these economies. Thus, suggesting how development in air transport contributes positively to enhance economic growth in the long run. In contrast, ascending CO2 emissions are negatively connected to economic growth contributing to its reduction in selected countries. Further empirical results also confirm the positive effects of energy use and education on economic growth. Based on these results, education is seen to mitigate the pernicious effects of environmental degradation over economic growth's dampening effects.

ACS Style

Festus Victor Bekun; Festus Fatai Adedoyin; Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente; Oana M. Driha. The Validation of the Tourism-Led Growth Hypothesis in the Next Leading Economies: Accounting for the Relevant Role of Education on Carbon Emissions Reduction? Strategies in Sustainable Tourism, Economic Growth and Clean Energy 2020, 249 -278.

AMA Style

Festus Victor Bekun, Festus Fatai Adedoyin, Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente, Oana M. Driha. The Validation of the Tourism-Led Growth Hypothesis in the Next Leading Economies: Accounting for the Relevant Role of Education on Carbon Emissions Reduction? Strategies in Sustainable Tourism, Economic Growth and Clean Energy. 2020; ():249-278.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Festus Victor Bekun; Festus Fatai Adedoyin; Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente; Oana M. Driha. 2020. "The Validation of the Tourism-Led Growth Hypothesis in the Next Leading Economies: Accounting for the Relevant Role of Education on Carbon Emissions Reduction?" Strategies in Sustainable Tourism, Economic Growth and Clean Energy , no. : 249-278.

Journal article
Published: 26 October 2020 in Sustainability
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This study aims to explore the connection between the potential effects of energy consumption and technological innovation on economic growth in China from 1980 to 2018. The Non-Linear Autoregressive Distributive Lag (NARDL) econometric approach reveals an asymmetric connection between technological innovation, energy consumption, and economic growth in China from 1980 to 2018. The empirical results also reveal that a 1% decrease in energy consumption would imperatively decline economic growth by 12.5%. Moreover, a 1% upsurge in trademark applications improves economic growth by 8.2%. For the case of China, this study reveals that a large portion of the energy was used by families, which is regarded as a non-contributing element to the economy of China. This study suggests that the promotion and production of energy-efficient processes and products is necessary in order to make a more significant step toward sustainable development. The empirical findings also suggest that the Chinese government should regulate suitable policies aimed at promoting energy efficiency and the control of inefficient energy uses.

ACS Style

Ayoub Zeraibi; Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente; Khurram Shehzad. Examining the Asymmetric Nexus between Energy Consumption, Technological Innovation, and Economic Growth; Does Energy Consumption and Technology Boost Economic Development? Sustainability 2020, 12, 8867 .

AMA Style

Ayoub Zeraibi, Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente, Khurram Shehzad. Examining the Asymmetric Nexus between Energy Consumption, Technological Innovation, and Economic Growth; Does Energy Consumption and Technology Boost Economic Development? Sustainability. 2020; 12 (21):8867.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ayoub Zeraibi; Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente; Khurram Shehzad. 2020. "Examining the Asymmetric Nexus between Energy Consumption, Technological Innovation, and Economic Growth; Does Energy Consumption and Technology Boost Economic Development?" Sustainability 12, no. 21: 8867.

Journal article
Published: 16 September 2020 in Energies
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This paper evaluates the link between economic growth, renewable energy, tourism arrivals, trade openness, and carbon dioxide emissions in the European Union (EU-28). As an econometric strategy, the research uses panel data. In the first step, we apply the unit root test, and the results demonstrated that the variables used in this study are integrated I (1) in the first difference. In the second step, we apply the Pedroni cointegration test, and Kao Residual cointegration test, and we observe that the variables are cointegrated in the long run. The panel fully modified least squares (FMOLS), panel dynamic least squares (DOLS), and generalized moments system (GMM-System) estimator are considered in this research. The econometric results proved that trade openness and renewable energy decreased climate change and environmental degradation. The empirical study also found a positive effect of economic growth on carbon dioxide emissions. Moreover, tourism arrivals are negatively correlated with carbon dioxide emissions, showing sustainability practices of the tourism sector on the environment. Furthermore, carbon dioxide emissions in the long run present a positive impact, indicating that climate change increases. In this study, we also consider the recent methodology of Dumitrescu–Hurlin to observe the causality and the relationship between renewable energy, trade openness, economic growth, tourism arrivals, and carbon dioxide emissions.

ACS Style

Nuno Carlos Leitão; Daniel Balsalobre Lorente. The Linkage between Economic Growth, Renewable Energy, Tourism, CO2 Emissions, and International Trade: The Evidence for the European Union. Energies 2020, 13, 4838 .

AMA Style

Nuno Carlos Leitão, Daniel Balsalobre Lorente. The Linkage between Economic Growth, Renewable Energy, Tourism, CO2 Emissions, and International Trade: The Evidence for the European Union. Energies. 2020; 13 (18):4838.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nuno Carlos Leitão; Daniel Balsalobre Lorente. 2020. "The Linkage between Economic Growth, Renewable Energy, Tourism, CO2 Emissions, and International Trade: The Evidence for the European Union." Energies 13, no. 18: 4838.

Journal article
Published: 11 September 2020 in Technological Forecasting and Social Change
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This study analyses the causal and long-run linkage between air transport and economic growth. It was conducted to validate the tourism-led growth hypothesis for the United States (US) during the period 1981–2017 and includes Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) alongside coal rents in the tourism-led growth hypothesis. This study presents a new direction for future studies by considering the relevance of the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0), particularly in the US. To achieve the stated claim, this study considers as additional explanatory variables how ICTs moderate the impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on GDP. The empirical result confirms a connection between the Industry 4.0 era and the role of ICTs, which promotes substantial changes in the way of life and productivity. This has led to a vast technological advancement, which is in line with but at a faster pace than the technological advancement of previous revolutions. From empirical results, the study provides relevant policy recommendations related to the role of natural resources, new technologies and tourism on US GDP, while it also provides evidence of the positive effect of ICTs over FDI under the Industry 4.0 era.

ACS Style

Festus Fatai Adedoyin; Festus Victor Bekun; Oana M. Driha; Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente. The effects of air transportation, energy, ICT and FDI on economic growth in the industry 4.0 era: Evidence from the United States. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 2020, 160, 120297 -120297.

AMA Style

Festus Fatai Adedoyin, Festus Victor Bekun, Oana M. Driha, Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente. The effects of air transportation, energy, ICT and FDI on economic growth in the industry 4.0 era: Evidence from the United States. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 2020; 160 ():120297-120297.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Festus Fatai Adedoyin; Festus Victor Bekun; Oana M. Driha; Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente. 2020. "The effects of air transportation, energy, ICT and FDI on economic growth in the industry 4.0 era: Evidence from the United States." Technological Forecasting and Social Change 160, no. : 120297-120297.

Research article
Published: 09 September 2020 in Sustainable Development
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Under the growing threats of climate change, innovation and pollution reduction have become driving forces for cleaner economic growth and the environment. This study endeavors to analyze the effect of economic complexity—understood as structural transformation toward more sophisticated and knowledge‐based production, economic progress, renewable energy consumption, and population growth over carbon emissions. Our study employs panel data for a sample of 28 OECD countries covering the period of 1990–2014. The main contribution to the energy economics literature is given by bringing together the concept of environmental degradation and economic complexity controlling via renewable energy consumption and economic and population growth. Based on the extensive empirical analysis (augmented mean group estimator, panel cointegration, and panel regression techniques), we conclude that economic complexity and renewable energy might help in mitigating the environmental degradation problems in OECD countries.

ACS Style

Buhari Doğan; Oana M. Driha; Daniel Balsalobre Lorente; Umer Shahzad. The mitigating effects of economic complexity and renewable energy on carbon emissions in developed countries. Sustainable Development 2020, 29, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Buhari Doğan, Oana M. Driha, Daniel Balsalobre Lorente, Umer Shahzad. The mitigating effects of economic complexity and renewable energy on carbon emissions in developed countries. Sustainable Development. 2020; 29 (1):1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Buhari Doğan; Oana M. Driha; Daniel Balsalobre Lorente; Umer Shahzad. 2020. "The mitigating effects of economic complexity and renewable energy on carbon emissions in developed countries." Sustainable Development 29, no. 1: 1-12.

Academic paper
Published: 27 August 2020 in Journal of Public Affairs
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Given that an expansive impact of the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) aid on public investment is expected, two models have been estimated to determine, respectively, the size of this impact and the relationship between the own financing of regional public investment and the external financing received from ERDF in Spanish regions. Evidence has been obtained that the impact of transfers from the ERDF on public investment is almost nil. In addition, for each euro that the Spanish regions received from the ERDF, own funds for public investment allocated by regional governments have been reduced 23 cents, showing an important relation of substitution between the two sources of financing. Both models include data between 1994 and 2014 and their estimation has used traditional methods and methods based on the cointegration of variables with a panel structure, such as FMOLS and DOLS. The main results obtained with the two methodologies they are quite close, confirming the initial hypothesis: in the presence of weak donor restrictions, the political process in governments receiving ERDF transfers determine revealed preferences about public investment, neutralizing conditions established by the donor. This study also unequivocally demonstrates the presence of simultaneous causality between investment aid received from the ERDF and regional public investment and between said aid and the own resources that regional governments dedicate to financing public investment. These findings confirm the existence of a bias that seriously affects the effectiveness of the European Union's regional policy.

ACS Style

José María Cantos‐Cantos; Daniel Balsalobre‐Lorente; Cristina García‐Nicolás. Why the financial aid of the EU's regional policy does not impact on the public investment level? The case of the Spanish regions. Journal of Public Affairs 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

José María Cantos‐Cantos, Daniel Balsalobre‐Lorente, Cristina García‐Nicolás. Why the financial aid of the EU's regional policy does not impact on the public investment level? The case of the Spanish regions. Journal of Public Affairs. 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José María Cantos‐Cantos; Daniel Balsalobre‐Lorente; Cristina García‐Nicolás. 2020. "Why the financial aid of the EU's regional policy does not impact on the public investment level? The case of the Spanish regions." Journal of Public Affairs , no. : 1.

Research article
Published: 17 August 2020 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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The article examines the effects of renewable energy, trade, carbon dioxide emissions and international tourism on economic growth in EU-28, considering panel data for the period 1995–2014. The investigation finds the new determinants of economic growth. The empirical results find support from the panel fully modified least squares (FMOLS), panel dynamic least squares (DOLS) and fixed effects (FE) as estimation techniques. The econometric results are consistent with the existing literature. The variables considered in this study are cointegrated in the first difference, as suggested by the panel unit root test. The present study seeks to advance the knowledge of the growth determinants, paying attention to the effect that both the tourism and energy sector exerts on economic growth for EU-28 countries. The empirical results demonstrate that trade openness, tourism arrivals and renewable energy encourage economic growth. Therefore, according to the econometric results, renewable energy allows improving environmental quality. However, CO2 emissions are positively correlated with economic growth, showing that growth is directly correlated by climate change and greenhouse gas. The results also confirm the tourism-led growth hypothesis (TLGH) for the panel. Finally, the empirical results confirm that trade openness, energy use and international tourism contribute to enhance economic growth. Based on these findings, further insights and policy prescription are offered in the concluding section. Graphical abstract

ACS Style

Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente; Nuno Carlos Leitão. The role of tourism, trade, renewable energy use and carbon dioxide emissions on economic growth: evidence of tourism-led growth hypothesis in EU-28. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2020, 27, 45883 -45896.

AMA Style

Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente, Nuno Carlos Leitão. The role of tourism, trade, renewable energy use and carbon dioxide emissions on economic growth: evidence of tourism-led growth hypothesis in EU-28. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020; 27 (36):45883-45896.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente; Nuno Carlos Leitão. 2020. "The role of tourism, trade, renewable energy use and carbon dioxide emissions on economic growth: evidence of tourism-led growth hypothesis in EU-28." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 36: 45883-45896.

Article
Published: 13 August 2020 in Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health
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The main contribution of the present study to the energy literature is to explore the relationship between economic growth and pollution emission amidst globalization. In contrast to the existing studies, this research examines the effects of economic and social isolation as dimensions of globalization. The present paper allows underpinning the impact on the Chinese economic development of the isolation phenomenon as a consequence of coronavirus (COVID-19). To this end, annual time–frequency data is used to achieve the hypothesized claims. The study resolutions include (1) the existence of a long-run association between the outlined variables; (2) the long-run estimates suggest that the Chinese economy, over the investigated period, is inelastic to pollutant-driven economic growth; and (3) the Chinese isolation is less responsive to its economic growth while the country political willpower is elastic as demonstrated by a government commitment to dampen the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic. This confinement is marked by the aggressive response by the government officials resolute by flattening the exponential impact of the pandemic. Based on these robust results, some far-reaching policy implications are underlined in the concluding remarks section.

ACS Style

Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente; Oana M. Driha; Festus Victor Bekun; Avik Sinha; Festus Fatai Adedoyin. Consequences of COVID-19 on the social isolation of the Chinese economy: accounting for the role of reduction in carbon emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health 2020, 13, 1439 -1451.

AMA Style

Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente, Oana M. Driha, Festus Victor Bekun, Avik Sinha, Festus Fatai Adedoyin. Consequences of COVID-19 on the social isolation of the Chinese economy: accounting for the role of reduction in carbon emissions. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health. 2020; 13 (12):1439-1451.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente; Oana M. Driha; Festus Victor Bekun; Avik Sinha; Festus Fatai Adedoyin. 2020. "Consequences of COVID-19 on the social isolation of the Chinese economy: accounting for the role of reduction in carbon emissions." Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health 13, no. 12: 1439-1451.

Journal article
Published: 06 August 2020 in Journal of Environmental Management
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The nexus between economic growth and energy consumption has been exhaustively explored, yet the empirical evidence and the theoretical points of view remain at odds. This study contextualises and capitalises on this discrepancy and examines the connection between non-renewable and renewable energy consumption and economic growth, considering the moderating impact of economic complexity, trade openness, FDI and institutional quality. We use a panel quantile regression model and data from 32 European countries in the period 1995–2014. Our key results show that economic complexity, renewable energy consumption, trade openness, FDI and institutional quality enhance economic growth. The results for non-renewable energy consumption showed both a positive and a negative impact in different quantiles, indicating that the consumption of renewable energy is in fact more effective for economic growth than the use of non-renewables. Our findings have far-reaching implications for stakeholders and policymakers working on sustainable economic growth and energy policy with a view to meeting the commitments made under the Paris Agreement (COP21).

ACS Style

Buhari Doğan; Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente; Muhammad Ali Nasir. European commitment to COP21 and the role of energy consumption, FDI, trade and economic complexity in sustaining economic growth. Journal of Environmental Management 2020, 273, 111146 .

AMA Style

Buhari Doğan, Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente, Muhammad Ali Nasir. European commitment to COP21 and the role of energy consumption, FDI, trade and economic complexity in sustaining economic growth. Journal of Environmental Management. 2020; 273 ():111146.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Buhari Doğan; Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente; Muhammad Ali Nasir. 2020. "European commitment to COP21 and the role of energy consumption, FDI, trade and economic complexity in sustaining economic growth." Journal of Environmental Management 273, no. : 111146.

Chapter
Published: 18 June 2020 in Econometrics of Green Energy Handbook
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This paper proposes an empirical model for exploring the effect of foreign direct investment, income, renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, and oil price on carbon emissions in net exporting countries (NECs) and net importing countries (NICs) for the period of 1991–2015. Following the conceptual framework of environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis and empirical IPAT framework, the analysis has been carried out. The empirical results indicate that foreign direct investment, income, and renewable energy consumption have an N-shaped association with carbon emissions. On contrary, the impact of non-renewable energy consumption on carbon emissions is positive and the impact of oil price on carbon emissions is negative. Moreover, the empirical evidence recommends long-run policies in connection with the promotion of clean technologies, less dependence on natural resources, and advancement in environmental awareness and incentives for replacing old polluting technologies.

ACS Style

Avik Sinha; Oana M. Driha; Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente; José María Cantos-Cantos. Impact of Energy Use Segregation on Carbon Emissions: The Role of FDI in Net Importing and Net Exporting Countries. Econometrics of Green Energy Handbook 2020, 1 -30.

AMA Style

Avik Sinha, Oana M. Driha, Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente, José María Cantos-Cantos. Impact of Energy Use Segregation on Carbon Emissions: The Role of FDI in Net Importing and Net Exporting Countries. Econometrics of Green Energy Handbook. 2020; ():1-30.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Avik Sinha; Oana M. Driha; Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente; José María Cantos-Cantos. 2020. "Impact of Energy Use Segregation on Carbon Emissions: The Role of FDI in Net Importing and Net Exporting Countries." Econometrics of Green Energy Handbook , no. : 1-30.