Plant organ biomass allocation and morphological characteristics are important functional traits. The responses of plant root, stem, and leaf traits to heterogeneous habitats in floodplain wetlands are highly important for understanding the ecological adaptation strategies of riparian plants. However, the patterns of these responses remain unclear. In a floodplain wetland in the middle reaches of the Heihe River, we studied the responses of the root, stem, and leaf morphological traits and biomass allocation of Leymus secalinus to varying habitat conditions. We measured these traits in three sample plots, delineated based on distance from the riverbank: plot I (near the riparian zone, 50–150 m from the riverbank), plot II (middle riparian zone, 200–300 m from the riverbank), and plot III (far riparian zone, 350–450 m from the riverbank). The results showed that in plot I, L. secalinus tended to have slender roots and stems and small leaves, with a biomass allocation strategy that maximized the root–shoot ratio (RSR). In plot II, L. secalinus had thick stems and moderate leaf and root patterns, and the RSR values were between those of plot I and plot III. In plot III, L. secalinus had thin and short stems and large leaves; furthermore, among the root morphological structures, plot III had the shortest Rhizome length (RL) and longest Rhizome diameter (RD), and the RSR was the lowest. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between organ biomass and leaf thickness, stem length, RD, and RL in the three habitats (p < 0.05). By balancing the biomass allocation among organs, wetland plants in floodplains balance changes in root, stem, and leaf morphological characteristics to improve their environmental adaptation.

The spatiotemporal evolution of population urbanization and its relationship with economic variables are important aspects of socioeconomic research and essential for revealing the mechanism of urban construction and evolution. To study the spatial heterogeneity and influencing mechanisms of population urbanization in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, this study investigated the spatial distribution and dynamic evolution of population urbanization using nuclear density analysis, exploratory spatial data analysis and the geographical detector model. The results showed that the rate of population urbanization in the upper reaches of the Yellow River increased annually since 2000 and that the nuclear density curve changed from a single–peaked mode in 2000 to a double–peaked mode in 2018. The spatial distribution of the population urbanization level was uneven, that is, high in the north and low in the south, with substantial spatial agglomeration and spatial autocorrelation. The main distribution of hot spots was in the Yinchuan area in the north, while cold spots were distributed mainly in the south. Analysis revealed that changes in population urbanization level were mainly attributable to the influence of economic and employment opportunities, such as regional GDP, GDP per capita, proportion of tertiary industry in GDP, and total retail sales of consumer goods.

Species interactions are often context-dependent and complex, such as the grasshopper community and phytoecommunity. The adoption of grasshopper abundance and vegetation community was determined by topographical heterogeneity. However, it remains vague about how vegetation community, such as coverage abundance and height, influence the spatial distribution pattern of grasshopper abundance at the altitude gradient. Using Geostatistical methods in natural grassland of the upper reaches of Heihe River to quantitatively study the relationship of spatial correlation. A 3 years investigation was shown that 3149 grasshoppers were collected, belonging to 3 families, 10 genera, and 13 species. The semivariable function of grasshopper abundance and vegetation community followed a nonlinear model. Meanwhile, horizontal distribution of two communities was a clear flaky and plaque distribution pattern, especially at the altitude gradient. The abundance of grasshoppers is opposite to the height and coverage of vegetation and the overall followability of coverage, while the local following is consistent. Such as grasshopper abundance, the above 2750m sample with the opposite trend, the following areas are consistent. Finally, grasshoppers have the different choice on different vegetation characteristics in different directions, formed of specific trend characteristics; and the spatial distribution trend is different even with the same community indicators, formed of embedded striped patches structure.