Antibiotic resistance is a critical issue today, necessitating the monitoring of antibiotic usage across various sectors. To determine the defined daily doses (DDDs) of antibiotics prescribed by dentists globally, a comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCOhost, resulting in the inclusion of 15 documents in this scoping review. The DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID) for oral antibiotics prescribed by dentists for the studied countries was generally below 2.11, with the exception of South Korea, which had a DDD per 1000 patients per day (DPD) of less than 6.97. Most countries, except Croatia and Belgium, demonstrated a decreasing trend in DID before the COVID-19 pandemic, but restrictions during the pandemic led to an increase in these numbers. Penicillin-derived antibiotics were the most commonly prescribed antibiotic among dentists in most countries. This study highlights significant gaps and missing data regarding antibiotics prescribed by dentists worldwide. However, it also indicates that the publication of guidelines, education, and evaluation of antibiotic use can lead to more controlled and appropriate prescriptions among dental professionals.

Objectives: This double-blind, randomized clinical trial aimed to evaluate the impact of 2 g of pre-operative amoxicillin on postoperative clinical outcomes and salivary prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentration following mandibular third molar removal. Methods: Eighteen healthy adult patients requiring impacted mandibular third molar extraction were randomly assigned to two groups: an experimental group (EG) receiving 2 g of amoxicillin and a placebo group (PG) receiving empty capsules, one hour before the surgery and before taking the first saliva sample. Primary outcomes measured were pain levels at different time points and salivary PGE2 concentrations measured before, 24 h, and 7 days after the surgery, while secondary outcomes included changes in maximum mouth opening (MMO) immediately after the surgery at 1 day and a week post-surgery, and facial swelling at 24 h and 7 days post-surgery. Results: The results showed no significant differences between the EG and PG in terms of pain levels, salivary PGE2 concentration, MMO changes, or facial swelling at different time points (p-values > 0.05). One instance of surgical site infection was noted in the PG in the 7-day follow-up session, but it was not statistically significant (p-value = 0.303). Correlation analyses indicated that a higher number of sutures and a higher difficulty index of surgery were associated with increased pain, while longer surgery duration and osteotomy were linked to more MMO changes and facial swelling (p-values < 0.05). In addition, while longer surgery duration and performing tooth section were correlated with lower PGE2 concentrations, PGE2 concentrations were positively correlated with pain levels (p-values < 0.05). Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, administering 2 g of prophylactic amoxicillin did not significantly affect postoperative clinical or laboratory outcomes in healthy patients undergoing mandibular third molar surgery.

This study evaluates the influence of conventional versus simplified drilling protocols on bone remodeling after the osteointegration period, marginal bone loss (MBL), and primary implant stability. A randomized, double-blind clinical trial was conducted involving 44 implants in 37 patients over a two-year period. The primary outcome was peri-implant tissue stability, measured as MBL at baseline, 12 months, and 24 months. Secondary outcomes included implant stability, measured via insertion torque, and survival rates. The results indicated no significant differences in initial bone remodeling and MBL between groups after 24 months. Both protocols demonstrated high survival rates, with one implant failure recorded in the simplified protocol group. Although simplified drilling protocols may reduce surgical complexity, concerns about heat generation and reduced adaptability in osteotomy were described in the literature. This study concludes that drilling protocol choice does not significantly impact bone levels during osteointegration, crestal bone maintenance, or implant survival over 24 months, but further research is needed to explore long-term effects and prosthetic factors.